AccScience Publishing / JCAU / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/JCAU025260050
REVIEW ARTICLE

A systematic literature review of environmental attributes in traditional village conservation

Yihan Wang1 Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman1,2* Nor Zalina Harun3
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1 Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Centre for Innovative Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism, 025260050 https://doi.org/10.36922/JCAU025260050
Received: 24 June 2025 | Revised: 28 August 2025 | Accepted: 29 August 2025 | Published online: 24 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural Settlements Development in the New Era of China)
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Traditional villages are one of the most valuable assets for cultural heritage protection and have a profound historical and cultural significance. The environmental attributes of these villages are critical not only for cultural preservation but also for ecological balance and the sustainability of their natural surroundings, both of which are integral to effective conservation practices. However, the identification of these attributes remains inadequately addressed in current literature. To bridge this gap, this systematic review analyzed 58 articles sourced from the Web of Science database, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, employing bibliometric analysis tools such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace to visualize thematic clusters and citation networks. The results indicate that environmental factors that influence village conservation can be categorized into two main types: (i) Physical attributes, including not only spatial layout and architectural elements but also culturally significant physical structures such as ancestral halls, sacred sites, and ritual spaces; and (ii) natural attributes such as landscape features and ecological characteristics. However, most of the literature fails to consider both types of factors comprehensively. The findings emphasize the need for an integrated approach to conservation that considers both tangible and intangible environmental attributes. Suggestions for future research include interdisciplinary studies and the application of advanced technologies in conservation practices.

Keywords
Traditional villages
Environmental attributes
Conservation
Cultural heritage
Bibliometric analysis
Funding
This review was funded by the Research University Grant (GUP - Geran Universiti Penyelidikan; grant no.: GUP- 2018-096) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism, Electronic ISSN: 2717-5626 Published by AccScience Publishing