AccScience Publishing / GTM / Volume 2 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.36922/gtm.2034
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REVIEW

The significance of human papillomavirus integration in carcinogenesis and the development of specific diagnostics and countermeasures

Jiaxu Ying1 ,  Gary Wong1* ,  Nicolas Berthet2,3*
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1 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
2 Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cite, Paris, France
3 Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cite, Paris, France
Global Translational Medicine 2023, 2(4), 2034 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2034
Submitted: 13 October 2023 | Accepted: 30 November 2023 | Published: 18 December 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with various tumors, notably in the cervix, oropharyngeal region, and anus. As the disease progresses, integration of the viral genome into the host genome is often observed, yet the means of integration and its intrinsic relationship to carcinogenesis remain unclear. To address this gap, novel sequencing technologies have been developed to enhance the accuracy, intuitiveness, and cost-effectiveness of identifying integration breakpoints. HPV genome integration is thought to induce imbalances or dysfunctions in gene expression, epigenetic changes, chromosomal translocation, and genetic instability. The precise mechanisms underlying the changes in gene expression caused by genome integration offer avenues for tumor risk prediction and prognosis assessment. Personalized precision medicine, grounded in the integration patterns unique to each patient, holds promise for cancer treatment. This review summarizes and discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms, carcinogenesis, detection and analysis, and clinical significance of HPV integration. It synthesizes existing information to offer a comprehensive overview, potentially enhancing our understanding of HPV-related tumorigenesis and aiding in the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords
Human papillomavirus
Integration mechanism
Carcinogenesis
Integration sites identification
Clinical significance
Funding
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Global Translational Medicine, Electronic ISSN: 2811-0021 Published by AccScience Publishing
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