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REVIEW ARTICLE

Serum autoantibodies as biomarkers in atherosclerotic disease

Takaki Hiwasa1*
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1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Brain & Heart, 025390053 https://doi.org/10.36922/BH025390053
Received: 22 September 2025 | Revised: 29 October 2025 | Accepted: 11 November 2025 | Published online: 3 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Atherosclerosis-related diseases such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease remain major global health burdens, yet the potential role of autoantibodies in these conditions has only recently begun to be recognized. This review summarizes the methodology and characteristics of atherosclerosis autoantibody biomarkers reported in our previous studies. In our earlier research, we performed a large-scale screening of serum autoantibody markers for atherosclerotic diseases, such as AIS, using expression cloning and protein array methods, and identified 106 antibodies. Among these, 34 markers were selected as potentially useful diagnostic markers, with serum antibody levels found to be higher in patients with atherosclerosis-related diseases than in healthy donors. The autoantibody markers were highly sensitive, with elevated levels observed not only in patients with AIS but also in those with transient ischemic attack, a prodromal stage of AIS. Thus, the autoantibodies may serve as predictive markers for AIS. The potential use of autoantibodies as targets for prevention and/or treatment is also discussed in this review.

Keywords
Autoantibodies
Prognostic biomarkers
Cancer prognosis
Atherosclerosis-related diseases
Serum antibody markers
Funding
This work was supported, in part, by a research grant from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (Exploratory Research No. 14657335).
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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