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REVIEW ARTICLE

Curcumin and neuroinflammation in autism: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

Abdullah Al Noman1 ,  Susmita Deb Tonni1 ,  Md Al Mamun2 ,  Iftakhar Ahmad3 ,  Monty Datta4 ,  Pranab Dev Sharma5 ,  Kaniz Fatama Khan2 ,  Md Jahed Rana6 ,  Himanshu Sharma7 ,  Vetriselvan Subramaniyan8,9,10*
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1 School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
3 Department of Zoology, Comilla Victoria Government College, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
4 Department of Zoology, Government Tolaram College, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
5 Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
6 Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
7 Department of Pharmacology, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
8 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
9 Global Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
10 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
Advanced Neurology, 025350089 https://doi.org/10.36922/AN025350089
Received: 29 August 2025 | Revised: 17 September 2025 | Accepted: 9 October 2025 | Published online: 4 November 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication. According to recent research, neuroinflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of ASD. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which curcumin may influence the inflammatory pathways implicated in ASD. Curcumin can suppress nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell activation, thereby reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it can protect mitochondrial function, upregulate antioxidant enzymes, scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and modulate the gut–brain axis. Animal studies have shown that curcumin can improve sociability, repetitive behaviors, and enhance cognitive function in ASD models. The beneficial effects of curcumin supplementation on autism symptoms have also been documented in several small clinical trials involving children with ASD. Overall, curcumin is a natural compound with the potential to modulate neuroinflammatory pathways implicated in ASD; however, its therapeutic role remains under investigation.

Keywords
Autism spectrum disorder
Neuroinflammation
Curcumin
Anti-inflammatory effects
Animal models
Clinical trials
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Advanced Neurology, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9619 Print ISSN: 3060-8589, Published by AccScience Publishing
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