Gut-brain axis in depression: Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and gut microbiota

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Abstract

Depression is the most common mental disorder and the leading cause of disability and suicide worldwide. Recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of patients with depression on a global scale. Therefore, new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of depression are urgently required to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. An interesting fact is the coexistence of increased intestinal permeability and disrupted blood-brain barrier observed in patients with depression and animal models. A growing number of studies have revealed that a bidirectional interaction exists between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, commonly termed the gut-brain axis. Emerging evidence has suggested that the regulation of neuroinflammation and gut homeostasis through the gut-brain axis is influenced by stress and depression, in which gut microbiota and microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids play a crucial role. Here, we describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between neuroinflammation and gut microbiota in depression. We further highlight fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary supplementation in depression and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for depression.

Keywords

Depression

Stress

Gut-brain axis

Microbiota

Short-chain fatty acids

Neuroinflammation

Nutrients

Funding

Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China

National Natural Science Foundation of Distinguished Young Scholars

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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