AccScience Publishing / MSAM / Volume 5 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/MSAM025480114
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Bioprinting of in vitro models for personalized therapeutic delivery

Hongyi Chen1* ,  Saba Radmanesh1 ,  Bin Zhang2 ,  Haoyu Wang3 ,  Rui Cheng4 ,  Ce Liang1 ,  Chaoran Li5* ,  Terry Tao Ye6 ,  Jie Huang1
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1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University of London, London, United Kingdom
3 School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
4 Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Ocean-Land Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
6 School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
MSAM 2026, 5(2), 025480114 https://doi.org/10.36922/MSAM025480114
Received: 26 November 2025 | Accepted: 9 January 2026 | Published online: 2 April 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s).. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Personalized therapeutic delivery aims to match the type, dose, timing, and localisation of treatment to each patient’s unique biological profile, requiring platforms that can model individual responses and precisely control how therapeutics are released. Achieving this precision is challenging because conventional 2D cultures and animal models fail to reproduce the 3D architecture and microenvironmental cues that shape drug, gene, and growth-factor dynamics in human tissues. Bioprinted in vitro models address these limitations by enabling the spatially defined assembly of cells, hydrogels, and bioactive components into physiologically relevant constructs. This review examines how bioprinting is advancing personalized therapeutic delivery, focusing on how bioink chemistry, construct architecture, and matrix mechanics influence transport behavior, release kinetics, and overall therapeutic performance. We highlight bioprinted liver, cardiac, and tumor models as predictive testbeds for evaluating patient-specific responses, and discuss advanced delivery strategies, including in situ bioprinting and 4D adaptive systems. Together, these developments position bioprinted in vitro platforms as integrated tools for designing, testing, and optimizing personalized therapeutic interventions within the broader framework of personalized medicine.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D printing
In vitro models
Bioprinting
Personalized therapy
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
Hongyi Chen is an Editorial Board Member of this journal, but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. The other authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing
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