Exploring the antimicrobial potential of marine actinobacteria from the Fijian hard corals
Marine ecosystems, particularly corals and their microbiomes, are recognized as prolific sources of unique natural products with diverse bioactivities. Despite the evident paucity of literature on microbial compounds associated with Fijian corals, this study aims to explore and elucidate the potential of actinomycetes associated with Fijian hard corals as sources of bioactive compounds. To highlight, actinomycete strains were isolated from five hard coral genera using three distinct isolation media. Among these, all 41 strains are facultative salt-tolerant, with 16 demonstrating biological activity by inhibiting the growth of three or more test pathogen strains. Interestingly, all ethyl acetate extracts of putative strains exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity, with isolates FJC 16, 28, 33, and 41 being the most active. Moreover, the brine shrimp lethality test confirmed that actinomycete strain FJC 16 exhibited the highest toxicity toward brine shrimps with a lethal concentration of 37.50 μg/mL for 50% of the test population. The International Streptomyces Project medium-2 demonstrated high efficiency in isolating total actinomycetes. With a focus on cultivation techniques, the applications of pretreatment practices contributed to a successive recovery of actinomycetes. The current study serves as a foundational effort to evaluate the biosynthetic capabilities of Fijian hard corals, aiming to advance the current frontier of microbial natural product research within coral-associated microbiomes. Overall, as the footprint of microbial metabolites grows, Fijian hard corals represent a valuable prospect for further advanced studies of microbial designer molecules or analogs.
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