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REVIEW ARTICLE

Mental disorders and stigma: Contemporary perspectives on epidemiological burden and social impact

Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz1*
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1 Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
JCBP, 025330062 https://doi.org/10.36922/JCBP025330062
Received: 13 August 2025 | Revised: 12 September 2025 | Accepted: 9 October 2025 | Published online: 22 October 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Mental disorders are highly prevalent globally and remain among the top 10 leading causes of disease burden worldwide, with no evidence of reductions. Individuals affected by mental disorders endure stigma across societies, forcing them to cope not only with the detrimental effects of their conditions but also with negative judgments, rejection, and prejudices. This narrative review presents recent epidemiological data on the global burden of mental health conditions and examines the associated stigma, with a particular focus on its manifestations and implications across a range of psychiatric and psychological disorders. Over the last decades, the prevalence and burden of mental health conditions have increased, with children and adolescents identified as particularly vulnerable groups. Recently, the socioeconomic and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the severity of this trend. Despite its significant implications, stigma linked to mental health conditions remains insufficiently addressed. Negative perceptions undermine recovery, discourage help-seeking, and restrict access to pivotal domains. In addition, this stigma varies across mental disorders, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and public education to address specific perceptions. Since the main limitations in current research include inconsistent definitions, insufficient data, and methodological variability, future studies will be essential to advance both the individual and societal approaches to addressing mental health conditions and their associated stigma.

Keywords
Mental disorders
Mental health conditions
Stigma
Prevalence
Global burden
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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Journal of Clinical and Basic Psychosomatics, Electronic ISSN: 2972-4414 Print ISSN: 3060-8562, Published by AccScience Publishing
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