AccScience Publishing / AN / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/AN025420098
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum mitigates aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats

Babayemi Olawale Oladejo1 ,  Babatunde Ogunlade2 ,  Oluwafemi Abidemi Adedotun2,3* ,  Grace Temitope Akingbade2,4 ,  Marvelous Ilemona Omede1 ,  Blessing Similoluwa Osadua1 ,  Esther Oluwadabira Omosebi1 ,  John Adekunle Osinnuwa1
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1 Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
2 Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
3 Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo, Nigeria
4 School of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Advanced Neurology, 025420098 https://doi.org/10.36922/AN025420098
Received: 17 October 2025 | Revised: 13 January 2026 | Accepted: 14 January 2026 | Published online: 19 February 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has been associated with neurological disorders. This study assesses the potential neuroprotective effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PQ104969 in alleviating AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats, with emphasis on the hippocampus. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 5/group): Group A received normal saline (control group), Groups B and C received 0.5 and 1.0 mL, respectively, of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; L. plantarum PQ104969; 1×108 CFU/mL), Group D received 200 mg/kg AlCl3 (neurotoxicity group), and Groups E and F received 200 mg/kg AlCl3 and treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mL LAB, respectively. The brain tissues of all groups were harvested after 21 days of treatment and analyzed for their malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), protein, nitrite, nitrate, and total protein concentration using standard biochemical methods. Tissue histology of the hippocampus was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. AlCl3 caused extensive neurodegeneration, which improved with LAB administration. Groups E and F showed significantly lower levels of MDA, MPO, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations compared to Group D, except for the nitrate level in Group F. The total protein concentrations were consistent across all groups. Histological examination showed that AlCl3 induced neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus, while LAB introduction following AlCl3 administration attenuated the observed pathological damages and preserved the neuronal architecture. These findings suggest that L. plantarum PQ104969 possesses negative dose-dependent neuroprotective effects against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity, offering a promising therapeutic approach for inflammation-induced neurotoxicity.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Neurotoxicity
Hippocampus
Aluminum chloride
Neurodegeneration
Inflammation
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Advanced Neurology, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9619 Print ISSN: 3060-8589, Published by AccScience Publishing
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