Simulating the Potential Impacts of Nuclear Power Plant Accident for Northern Vietnam
The Fangchenggang nuclear power plant has been built very close to the Vietnam boundary. This is done to generate potential impacts for Northern Vietnam if nuclear power plant accident occurs. This study applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to construct the meteorological data at horizontal mesh resolution of 1 km as input for the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART). The assumption of the nuclear accident at Fangchenggang Power Plant is considered with setup parameter of the Fukushima accident. The results show a similar in simulating the 137Cs concentration from 03 out of 24 experiments configured with different parameterisation schemes of the WRF model. However, the dry and wet deposition of radioactive 137Cs are significantly different. It is especially illustrated that if the accident occurs, then almost all provinces in northern Vietnam are affected. The high concentration of radioactive pollutants may be intensively transported from Fangchenggang nuclear power plant to Vietnam under the domination of wind fields in the wintertime. The maximum values of the total effective dose rate could reach up to over 10 mSvh-1 of dose rate during 50 to 100 hours. Importantly, the maximum effective dose continues to be observed during 145 to 205 hours.
Bluett, J., Gimson, N., Fisher, G., Heydenrych, C., Freeman, T. and J. Godfrey (2002). Good Practice Guide: Atmospheric dispersion modelling. New Zealand Ministry for the Environment.
de Foy, B. et al. (2011). Aerosol plume transport and transformation in high spectral resolution lidar measurements and WRF-Flexpart simulations during the MILAGRO Field Campaign. Atmospheric Chem. Phys., 11(7): 3543-3563.
Kieu Ngoc, D., Hao Quang, N., Huu Duc, H., Thi Hang, N., Thi Thoa, N. and N. Quang Trung (2020). Simulation of atmospheric radiocesium (137Cs) from Fukushima nuclear accident using FLEXPART-WRF driven by ERA5 reanalysis data. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 10(3): 01-12.
Grifoni, R.C. and R.D’Onofrio (2012). Atmospheric Flow Fields: Theory, Numerical Methods And Software Tools. Bentham Science Publishers. Chapter: Fundamentals of Air Pollution Mathematical Modeling.
Hong, S.Y. and J.O.J. Lim (2006). The WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6). Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 42(2): 129-151.
Hong, S.Y., Noh, Y. and J.A. Dudhia (2005). A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Weather. Rev., 134: 2318-2341.
International Atomic Energy Agency (2004). Methods for Assessing Occupational Radiation Doses Due to Intakes of Radionuclides. Safety Reports Series No. 37. International Atomic Energy Agency.
Fast, J.D. (2006). A Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model Compatible with WRF [Online]. Available: http://www2. mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/workshops/WS2006/abstracts/ PSession06/P6_02_Fast.pdf
Kain, J.S. (2004). The Kain–Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 43(1): 170-181.
Katata, G., et al. (2015). Detailed source term estimation of the atmospheric release for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident by coupling simulations of an atmospheric dispersion model with an improved deposition scheme and oceanic dispersion model. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 14: 14725-14832.
Leelo˝ssy, A´., Molna´r, F., Izsa´k, F., Havasi, A´ ., Lagzi, I. and R. Me´sza´ros (2014). Dispersion modeling of air pollutants in the atmosphere: A review. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 6: 257-278.
Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Lu, W., Wang, H. and Q. Huang (2019). Mododor: 3d numerical model for dispersion simulation of gaseous contaminants from waste treatment facilities. Environmental Modelling & Software, 113: 1-19.
Rakesh, P.T., Venkatesan, R., Hedde, T., Roubin, P., Baskaran, R. and B. Venkatraman (2015). Simulation of radioactive plume gamma dose over a complex terrain using Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 145: 30-39.
Rolph, G. and B.S. Ariel Stein (2017). Real-time environmental applications and display system: Ready. Environmental Modelling & Software, 95: 210-228.
Skamarock, W., Klemp, J., Dudhia, J., Gill, D., Barker, D., Wang, W. and J. Powers (2008). A description of the advanced research wrf version (No. NCAR/TN-475+STR). University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. doi:10.5065/D68S4MVH
Stohl, A., et al. (2010). The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 9.3. Tech. rep., Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway. Available at: http://flexpart. eu (last access: 2 June 2016).
Stohl, A., Forster, C., Eckhardt, S., Spichtinger, N., Huntrieser, H., Heland, J., Schlager, H., Wilhelm, S., Arnold, F. and O. Cooper (2003). A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108: 4370.
Terada, H., Nagai, H., Tsuduki, K., Furuno, A., Kadowaki, M. and T. Kakefuda (2020). Refinement of source term and atmospheric dispersion simulations of radionuclides during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 213:106104.
United Nations (2015). Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Developments since the 2013 UNSCEAR Report on the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident following the great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami: A 2015 White Paper to guide the Scientific Committee’s future programme of work. UN.