AccScience Publishing / AIH / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/AIH025270059
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Artificial intelligence in health systems: A comprehensive review of opportunities and limitations

Md. Monirul Islam1* ,  Iqbal Mahmud2 ,  Sabrina Amin Shovon3
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1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Chittagong, Bangladesh
2 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siddheswari College, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AIH, 025270059 https://doi.org/10.36922/AIH025270059
Received: 4 July 2025 | Revised: 26 August 2025 | Accepted: 28 August 2025 | Published online: 17 September 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool across multiple sectors, with healthcare being one of the most promising domains. This review article explores the foundational concepts of AI and its rapidly expanding applications in the healthcare sector. The integration of AI in health systems encompasses various branches, including diagnostic imaging, drug discovery, virtual health assistants, robotic surgery, and personalized medicine. AI-powered tools have demonstrated significant advantages, such as enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment plans, reducing administrative burdens, and improving patient outcomes. However, the deployment of AI in healthcare also presents notable challenges and limitations. These include data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and the need for substantial infrastructure and workforce training. Moreover, ethical and regulatory issues continue to influence the pace and scope of AI adoption. This review critically examines these aspects while highlighting recent innovations that underscore AI’s potential. Finally, the article outlines future directions for AI in healthcare, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, robust ethical frameworks, and the development of explainable AI systems. As technology evolves, a balanced approach that maximizes benefits while mitigating risks is essential for the sustainable integration of AI into global health systems.

Keywords
Artificial intelligence
Healthcare
Machine learning
Medicine
Hospital
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Artificial Intelligence in Health, Electronic ISSN: 3029-2387 Print ISSN: 3041-0894, Published by AccScience Publishing
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