Post-processing plays a pivotal role in shaping the intricate relationship between structure, property, and performance in metal additive manufacturing (AM). This critical phase after manufacturing significantly influences the final product's qualities. Post-processing techniques, such as heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and surface treatment can alter the microstructure, porosity, surface and mechanical properties of the fabricated AM part, affecting its overall performance.

The effects of post-processing on structure–property–performance relationships are multifaceted. Heat treatment can refine grain structures, enhancing strength and ductility, while surface treatments improves surface quality in different aspects which resulted in considerable mechanical properties and fatigue behavior improvement. Moreover, residual stresses introduced during printing can be mitigated through controlled post-processing, minimizing distortion and potential failure. The intricate interplay between these factors necessitates a deep understanding of material science, process parameters, and desired application.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for papers that explore the following ideas:

• Investigation into the characterization and evaluation of microstructure, surface, mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance and fatigue behavior in AM materials after post-treatments using experimental, theoretical and simulation approaches.
• Assessment of the operational lifespan performance exhibited by components produced through AM.
• Application of mechanical and thermal post-treatments, as well as coating procedures, to enhance the properties of AM components.
• Enhancing both the manufacturing process and overall performance of AM through optimization techniques.
• Optimization of post-processing protocols and methods within the realm of AM.
• Exploration of innovative applications and optimization strategies in thermal and surface post-treatments for AM.
• Utilization of inventive models, finite element analysis, and optimization methods for the study of applications in structure–property–performance relationships after post-processing within the metal AM field.