Although there have been many important breakthroughs in additive manufacturing technology, there are still enormous challenges in obtaining more excellent microstructures and properties to meet the demands of more extreme environments, such as obtaining equiaxed grains, densified structures, isotropic materials, etc. This special issue aims to collect the latest research progress on the microstructure and performance control methods of additive manufacturing components. The scope of submission includes but is not limited to additive manufacturing material design, process optimization, field assistance, post-processing, and other aspects.