Tumor microenvironment is essential to the formation of relevant tumors. Recent evidence showed that tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for regulating immune escape, drug resistance, progression and metastasis of malignant cells. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment is known to be involved in acquired resistance of tumors to various therapies. The tumor microenvironment assists tumor growth by providing diverse structural, immunological, and nutritional support. It can also serve as a barrier to effective cancer treatments or facilitate the development of tumor drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment includes non-cancerous cells in the tumor and proteins expressed by them that contribute to tumor growth. Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment is a critical factor inducing cancer therapeutic resistance.