AccScience Publishing / ITPS / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/itps.v4i2.215
Cite this article
42
Download
885
Views
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
News and Announcements
View All
REVIEW

Effects of Medicinal Plants on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury: A Review

Sayeed Mohammad Firdous1* Marwa A. A. Fayed2
Show Less
1 Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City32897, Egypt
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2021, 4(2), 23–32; https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.v4i2.215
Submitted: 10 October 2022 | Accepted: 27 December 2022 | Published: 13 January 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

The liver is the primary organ for metabolizing and eliminating foreign chemicals. When liver cells are exposed to large concentrations of dangerous substances, hepatocyte malfunction, membrane damage, and degradation may occur. Another chemical that can harm the liver is carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 is converted into trichloromethyl radical [CCl3]- by several cytochrome P450 isoforms. [CCl3]- subsequently reacts with oxygen to generate trichloromethyl peroxyl radical [CCl3OO]- and induce lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. In this study, the mechanism by which a variety of recently identified medicinal plants display hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced liver injury is investigated. We find that animal models have been used in investigations of plant extracts. Herbal plants largely protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity because their phytochemicals have an inhibitory nature. The antioxidant properties of phytochemicals can halt lipid oxidation and restrict the production of free radicals by inhibiting microsomal enzymes. They can also help liver cells in their fight against CCl4-induced inflammation by strengthening and fortifying them. The effectiveness of various herbs that are hepatoprotective and are thus plausible candidates for use in medicine must be confirmed. Experiments using entire plant extracts should be replaced with tests that pinpoint the active ingredients and assess the extracts’ effect on a variety of liver cell lines.

Keywords
Liver
Hepatocytes
Carbon tetrachloride
Medicinal plants
Hepatoprotective
Inflammation
Funding
None.
References
[1]

Klaassen, C.D.; Watkins, J.B. Casarett and Doull’s Essential of Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York, United States: The McGraw-Hill companies, 2015

[2]

Domitrović, R.; Rashed, K.; Cvijanović, O.; Vladimir-Knežević, S.; Škoda, M.; Višnić, A. Myricitrin Exhibits Antioxidant, Anti- Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Activity in Carbon Tetrachloride- Intoxicated Mice. Chem. Biol. Interact, 2015, 230, 21–9. 

[3]

Weber, L.W.D.; Boll, M.; Stampfl, A. Hepatotoxicity and Mechanism of Action of Haloalkanes: Carbon Tetrachloride as a Toxicological Model. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 2003, 33(2), 105–36.

[4]

Yuan, H.; Ma, Q.; Ye, L.; Piao, G. The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules, 2016, 21(5), 559. 

[5]

Fauci, A.S.; Kasper, D.L.; Longo, D.L.; Braunwald, E.; Hauser, S.L.; Jameson, J.L.; Loscalzo, J. Harrison’s Internal Medicine, 17th edition. Intern. Med. J., 2008, 38(12), 932–932.

[6]

El-Newary, S.A.; Shaffie, N.M.; Omer, E.A. The Protection of Thymus Vulgaris Leaves Alcoholic Extract against Hepatotoxicity of Alcohol in Rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 2017, 10(4), 361–371.

[7]

Teschke, R.; Eickhoff, A. Herbal Hepatotoxicity in Traditional and Modern Medicine: Actual Key Issues and New Encouraging Steps. Front Pharmacol., 2015, 6, 72.

[8]

Ekor, M. The Growing Use of Herbal Medicines: Issues Relating to Adverse Reactions and Challenges in Monitoring Safety. Front. Pharmacol., 2014, 4, 177.

[9]

Friedman, S.L. Liver Fibrosis--from Bench to Bedside. J. Hepatol., 2003, 38 Suppl 1, S38–53. 

[10]

David, S.; Hamilton J.P. Drug-Induced Liver Injury. US Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Rev., 2010, 6, 73-80.

[11]

Akinloye, D.I.; Sojinu, O.S.; Moses, C.A.; Agemo, S.; Taiwo, E.T.; Adene, T.S. Acalypha Wilkesiana Java White Restored Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Reno-Hepatic Tissue Dysfunction in Female Albino Rats. Clin. Nutr. Open Sci., 2022, 44, 66–91.

[12]

Ibrahim, N.A.; Mohammed, M.M.D.; Aly, H.F.; Ali, S.A.; Al- Hady, D.A. Efficiency of the Leaves and Fruits of Aegle Marmelos Methanol Extract (L.) Correa and their Relative Hepatotoxicity Induced by CCL4 and Identification of their Active Constituents by using LC/MS/MS. Toxicol. Rep., 2018, 5, 1161–1168.

[13]

Okoro, I.O.; Okoro, E.O.; Isoje, F.E.; Oyubu, G. Protective Effects of Alstonia Congensis Methanolic Extract Against CCl4 Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats. Sci. Afr., 2022, 17, e01315.

[14]

Lee, G.H.; Lee, H.Y.; Choi, M.K.; Chung, H.W.; Kim, S.W.; Chae, H.J. Protective Effect of Curcuma Longa L. Extract on CCl4- Induced Acute Hepatic Stress. BMC Res. Notes, 2017, 10(1), 77.

[15]

Tang, D.; Wang, F.; Tang, J., Mao, A.; Liao, S.; Wang, Q. Dicranostiga Leptopodu (Maxim.) Fedde Extracts Attenuated CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage in Mice Through Increasing Anti-Oxidative Enzyme Activity to Improve Mitochondrial Function. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 85, 763–771. 

[16]

Sun, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wen, S.; Li, Q.; Chen, R.; Lai, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Xie, Y.; Zheng, X.; Zhang, K.; Li, D.; Sun, S. Extract of Jasminum Grandiflorum L. Alleviates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury by Decreasing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic CYP2E1 Expression in Mice. Biomed Pharmacother, 2022, 152, 113255.

[17]

Thiesen, L.C.; da Silva, L.M.; Santin, J.R.; Bresolin, T.M.B.; de Andrade, S.F.; de Medeiros Amorim, C.; Merlin, L.; de Freitas, R.A.; Niero, R.; Netz, D.J.A. Hepatoprotective Effect of Maytenus Robusta Reiss Extract on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice and HepG2 Cells. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2017, 86, 93-100.

[18]

Eidi, A.; Mortazavi, P.; Moghadam, J.Z.; Mardani, P.M. Hepatoprotective Effects of Portulaca Oleracea Extract Against CCl4-Induced Damage in Rats. Pharm. Biol., 2015, 53(7), 1042–51. 

[19]

Abd Elmeged, L.S.M.; Alzahrani, M.S.H. Magnification of the Therapeutic Uses of Pomegranate Fruits and Peel in Rats Injected with Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl4). Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2022, 29(10), 103374. 

[20]

El-Hadary, A.E.; Elsanhoty, R.M.; Ramadan, M.F. In vivo Protective Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Oil Against Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Pharmanutrition., 2019, 9, 100151. 

[21]

Kuriakose, J.; Raisa, H.L.; Vysakh, A.; Eldhose, B.; Latha, M.S. Terminalia Bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Fruit Mitigates CCl4 Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 93, 327–333.

[22]

Villanueva-Toledo, J.R.; Chale-Dzul, J.; Castillo-Bautista, C.; Olivera-Castillo, L.; Rangel-Méndez, J.A.; Graniel-Sabido, M.J.; Moo-Puc, R.E. Hepatoprotective Effect of an Ethanol Extract of Tradescantia Pallida Against CCl4-Induced Liver Damage in Rats. S. Afr. J. Bot., 2020, 135, 444–50.

[23]

Hussain, F.; Malik, A.; Ayyaz, U.; Shafique, H.; Rana, Z.; Hussain, Z. Efficient Hepatoprotective Activity of Cranberry Extract Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rat Model: Down- Regulation of Liver Enzymes and Strong Antioxidant Activity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 2017, 10(11), 1054–1058.

[24]

Molehin, O.R.; Oloyede, O.I.; Idowu, K.A.; Adeyanju, A.A.; Olowoyeye, A.O.; Tubi, O.I.; Komolafe, O.E.; Gold, A.S. White Butterfly (Clerodendrum Volubile) Leaf Extract Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biomed Pharmacother., 2017, 96, 924–929.

[25]

Yangi, B.; Ustuner, M.C.; Dincer, M.; Ozbayer, C.; Tekin, N.; Ustuner, D.; Colak, E.; Kolac, U.K.; Entok, E. Propolis Protects Endotoxin Induced Acute Lung and Liver Inflammation Through Attenuating Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress. J. Med. Food, 2018, 21(11), 1096–1105.

Conflict of interest
No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Share
Back to top
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, Electronic ISSN: 2705-0823 Published by AccScience Publishing