AccScience Publishing / ITPS / Volume 4 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/itps.v4i1.1037
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REVIEW

Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Overview of the Complications and Management

Huimin Shao1† Hany Sadek Ayoub Ghaly1† Pegah Varamini11,2*
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1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
2 Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2021, 4(1), 1037 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.v4i1.1037
Submitted: 3 February 2021 | Accepted: 6 April 2021 | Published: 3 May 2021
© 2021 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the first report of COVID-19 emerging in Wuhan, China, authorities in 216 countries and territories have reported about 47.3 million COVID-19 cases and 1.2 million deaths. The WHO guidelines for the management of COVID-19 are very limited to recommendations for managing symptoms and advice on careful management of pediatric patients, pregnant women, and patients with underlying comorbidities. There is no approved treatment for COVID-19 and guidelines vary between countries. In this review, first, a brief overview is provided on the basic knowledge about the virus, clinical features of the disease, and different diagnostic methods. Then, the relationship between COVID-19, various body systems, and other complications is discussed. Finallly, different management strategies are discussed, including those drawn on computational chemistry analyses, pre-clinical investigations, and clinical trials which involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. In conclusion, despite the recent approval of different vaccine candidates, more virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 are required to be explored, which may result in the discovery of more potential therapeutic targets leading to safer and more effective treatment to COVID-19.

Keywords
Coronavirus disease 2019
Viral infectio
Coronavirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
Vaccine
Antiviral agents
Funding
We would like to acknowledge the National Breast Cancer Foundation Research fellowship and grant to Dr. Pegah Varamini (PF-16-007).
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Authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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