Bone Sialoprotein Immobilized in Collagen Type I Enhances Bone Regeneration In vitro and In vivo

Anja Kriegel¹, Christian Schlosser¹, Tanja Habeck¹, Christoph Dahmen¹, Hermann Götz², Franziska Clauder³, Franz Paul Armbruster³, Andreas Baranowski¹, Philipp Drees¹, Pol Maria Rommens¹, Ulrike Ritz^1*

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¹ Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany

² Cell Biology Unit, PKZI, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany

³ Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany

IJB 2022, 8(3), 591 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v8i3.591

Submitted: 4 April 2022 | Accepted: 23 May 2022 | Published: 12 July 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Biofabrication Technologies for Constructing Functional Tissue)

© 2022 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

The use of bioactive molecules is a promising approach to enhance the bone healing properties of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to define the role of bone sialoprotein (BSP) immobilized in collagen type I in various settings. In vitro studies with human primary osteoblasts in mono- or in co-culture with endothelial cells demonstrated a slightly increased gene expression of osteogenic markers as well as an increased proliferation rate in osteoblasts after application of BSP immobilized in collagen type I. Two critical size bone defect models were used to analyze bone regeneration. BSP incorporated in collagen type I increased bone regeneration only marginally at one concentration in a calvarial defect model. To induce the mechanical stability, three-dimensional printing was used to produce a stable porous cylinder of polylactide. The cylinder was filled with collagen type I and immobilized BSP and implanted into a femoral defect of critical size in rats. This hybrid material was able to significantly induce bone regeneration. Our study clearly shows the osteogenic effect of BSP when combined with collagen type I as carrier and thereby offers various approaches and options for its use as bioactive molecule in bone substitute materials.

Keywords

Osteogenesis

3D printing

Polylactide

In vivo critical size defects

Bone regeneration

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