AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i1.167
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Of balls, inks and cages: Hybrid biofabrication of 3D tissue analogs

Nicanor I. Moldovan1* ,  Leni Moldovan2 ,  Michael Raghunath3,4
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1 Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis
2 Surgery, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
3 Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology
4 Competence Center TEDD, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH - 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
IJB 2019, 5(1), 167 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v5i1.167
Published: 26 December 2018
© 2018 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The overarching principle of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the placing of cells or cell clusters in the 3D space to generate a cohesive tissue microarchitecture that comes close to in vivo characteristics. To achieve this goal, several technical solutions are available, generating considerable combinatorial bandwidth: (i) Support structures are generated first, and cells are seeded subsequently; (ii) alternatively, cells are delivered in a printing medium, so-called “bioink,” that contains them during the printing process and ensures shape fidelity of the generated structure; and (iii) a “scaffold-free” version of bioprinting, where only cells are used and the extracellular matrix is produced by the cells themselves, also recently entered a phase of accelerated development and successful applications. However, the scaffold-free approaches may still benefit from secondary incorporation of scaffolding materials, thus expanding their versatility. Reversibly, the bioink-based bioprinting could also be improved by adopting some of the principles and practices of scaffold-free biofabrication. Collectively, we anticipate that combinations of these complementary methods in a “hybrid” approach, rather than their development in separate technological niches, will largely increase their efficiency and applicability in tissue engineering

Keywords
Tissue engineering
scaffolds
scaffold-free
bioprinting
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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