AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.2590
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Optimizing implant lattice design for large distal femur defects: Stimulating interface bone growth to enhance osseointegration

Chun-Ming Chang1 ,  Pei-Chun Wong2 ,  Sin-Liang Ou3 ,  Chih-En Ko4 ,  Yu-Tzu Wang4*
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1 Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
4 Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, TamKang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
IJB 2024, 10(2), 2590 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.2590
Submitted: 20 December 2023 | Accepted: 20 February 2024 | Published: 21 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Large bone defects in the distal femur present a significant challenge due to the lack of inherent self-healing capabilities. Traditional approaches, such as utilizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in conjunction with a plate for distal femur reconstruction, have shown unsatisfactory osseointegration outcome, which leads to complications. To address this challenge, this study focuses on developing a lattice-structured implant for reconstructing distal femoral bone defects. The lattice geometry is based on the cuboctahedron lattice, with its design optimized through the adjustment of pillar diameter and arrangement angle. The lattice structure is designed to stimulate the surrounding bone, ultimately enhancing osseointegration in distal femur reconstruction. Finite element analysis revealed that for promoting bone ingrowth toward the implant, setting the optimal lattice structure parameters, i.e., a 45° arrangement angle and a 0.8 mm pillar diameter, is required. Fabricated using state-of-the-art metal three-dimensional printing, the implant underwent rigorous validation through biomechanical testing, in vitro biological assays, and animal experiments. The comprehensive results affirmed the bioactivity of the lattice-structured implant, underscoring its capability to improve osseointegration in distal femoral defect reconstruction.

Keywords
Lattice
Osseointegration
Bone strain
Osteoconductive
Distal femur
Mechanical behavior
Funding
This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Council (Project NSTC 112-2221-E-032-004-MY3).
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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