Smart mobile clothing redefines fashion through personalization, connectivity, expression, and portability
The smart apparel industry in North America has expanded notably in recent years and this trend is particularly due to increasing interest in wearable technology. These garments are a combination of connectivity, personalization, as well as enhanced functionality aimed at improving performance-related and experiential dimensions, self-expression, mobility, safety, and everyday usability. Due to the pandemic, an accelerated adoption of wearables in medical and safety applications has been observed which has reshaped the connected apparel market. This study explores the attitudes of the consumers toward smart and customized sportswear, focusing on the gap between technological innovation and real-world demand. A survey of 194 respondents was conducted using a mixed-methods research design. The results revealed that there is strong consumer interest in advanced features such as biometric tracking, thermal regulation, and effortless device integration. However, concerns about data security, high costs, and product durability were found to be the main barriers for the adoption. These findings indicate that technological potential alone is insufficient to ensure widespread market acceptance. Although early adopters have embraced these innovations, skepticism about their long-term viability has grown. Furthermore, results showed that consumers have a preference toward a tailored approach and value mobility, convenience, and ease of use over mass-market solutions. They usually search for lifestyle elevation as well as strong purpose-led products. This research shows the significance of mobility and functionality in leading adoption. By innovating with user expectations in mind, smart clothing brands may help reshape parts of the industry and contribute to an evolving relationship between fashion and trust-based personalization.
- Mohamed AL, Ibrahim AM, Omar H, Hassabo AG. Recent developments in space suits textiles using smart materials. J Text Color Polym Sci. 2024;21(3):227-238. doi: 10.21608/jtcps.2024.305650.1385
- Haghi M, Danyali S, Ayasseh S, Wang J, Aazami R, Deserno TM. Wearable devices in health monitoring from the environmental towards multiple domains: A survey. Sensors. 2021;21(6):2130. doi: 10.3390/s21062130
- Shi J, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang B, Shu L, Yang Y, et al. Smart textile‐integrated microelectronic systems for wearable applications. Adv Mater. 2019;32(5). doi: 10.1002/adma.201901958
- Ellouze M, Damak M. The use of smart textiles in the healthcare space: towards an improvement of the user-patient experience. J Text Sci Technol. 2024;10(02):41-50. doi: 10.4236/jtst.2024.102003
- Kongahage D, Foroughi J. Actuator materials: review on recent advances and future outlook for smart textiles. Fibers. 2019;7(3):21. doi: 10.3390/fib7030021
- Zuo X, Zhang X, Qu L, Miao J. Smart fibers and textiles for personal thermal management in emerging wearable applications. Adv Mater Technol. 2023;8(6):2201137. doi: 10.1002/admt.202201137
- Toeters M, ten Bhömer M, Bottenberg E, Tomico O, Brinks G. Research through design: a way to drive innovative solutions in the field of smart textiles. Adv Sci Technol. 2013;80:112-117. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.80.112
- Veske M, Ilén E. Review of the end-of-life solutions in electronics-based smart textiles. J Text Inst. 2021;112(9):1500-1513. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2020.1825176
- Mondal S. Phase change materials for smart textiles–an overview. Appl Therm Eng. 2008;28(11-12):1536-1550. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.08.009
- Wang C, Fu L, Ametefe DS, Wang S, John D. E-textiles in healthcare: a systematic literature review of wearable technologies for monitoring and enhancing human health. Neural Comput Appl. 2025;37(4):2089-2111. doi: 10.1007/s00521-024-10947-z
- Fortune Business Insights. Smart Clothing Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, 2026–2034. 2026. Accessed January 2026. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/smart-clothing-market-104648.
- Fortune Business Insights. Wearable Technology Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, 2026–2034. 2025. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/wearable-technology-market-106000. Accessed May 2026.
- Post R, Orth M, Russo PR, Gershenfeld N. E-broidery: design and fabrication of textile-based computing. IBM Syst J. 2000;39(3-4):840-860. doi: 10.1147/sj.393.0840
- Jayaraman S, Park S. Smart textiles: wearable electronic systems. MRS Bull. 2003;28(8):585-591. doi: 10.1557/mrs2003.170
- Zhang Y, Li X, Chen Z, et al. Recent research advances in textile-based flexible power supplies and displays for smart wearable applications. ACS Appl Electron Mater. 2024. doi: 10.1021/acsaelm.4c00606
- Fernández-Caramés TM, Fraga-Lamas P. Towards the internet of smart clothing: a review on IoT wearables and garments for creating intelligent connected e-textiles. Electronics. 2018;7(12):405. doi: 10.3390/electronics7120405
- Rahman SM, Carlson J, Gudergan SP, Wetzels M, Grewal D. How do omnichannel customer experiences affect customer engagement? Theory and empirical validation. J Bus Res. 2025;189:115196. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115196
- Hollebeek LD, Srivastava RK, Chen T. SD logic–informed customer engagement: integrative framework, revised fundamental propositions, and application to CRM. J Acad Mark Sci. 2019;47:161–185. doi: 10.1007/s11747-016-0494-5
- YouGov. What America’s Gen Z really wants from brands: Values, ethics & authenticity. YouGov Reports. Published November 17, 2025. Accessed January 2026. https://yougov.com/en-us/articles/53409-gen-z-wants-from-brands-values-ethics-authenticity.
- Gao F, Liu C, Zhang L, et al. Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review. Microsyst Nanoeng. 2023;9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41378-022-00443-6
- Atanasova D, Staneva D, Grabchev I. Textile Materials Modified with Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier for Skin Topical and Transdermal Delivery. Materials. 2021;14(4):930. doi: 10.3390/ma14040930
- Olmedo-Aguirre JO, Reyes-Campos J, Alor-Hernández G, Machorro-Cano I, Rodríguez-Mazahua L, Sánchez-Cervantes JL. Remote healthcare for elderly people using wearables: a review. Biosensors. 2022;12(2):73. doi: 10.3390/bios12020073
- Yang M, Luo M, Jin J, Zhang J. Exploring consumer adoption of smart sportswear through an extended technology acceptance model. Sci Rep. 2025;15:19809. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19809-7
- Ju N, Lee KH. Consumer resistance to innovation: smart clothing. Fashion Text. 2020;7:1-19. doi: 10.1186/s40691-020-00210-z
- Ma Y. Retailtainment, digitalization and sportization: How sports and health retail can be changed by digital apps. Master’s thesis. Milan, Italy: Politecnico di Milano; 2018.
- Fobelets K, Tedesco S, Barton J, et al. User perceptions of wearability of knitted sensor garments for long-term monitoring of breathing health: thematic analysis of focus groups and a questionnaire survey. JMIR Biomed Eng. 2024;9:e58166. doi: 10.2196/58166
- Prahl A. Exploring circular design opportunities for wearable technology. In: Sumter D, Bakker C, Balkenende R, eds. Designing for the Circular Economy. London, UK: Routledge; 2018:248-259. doi: 10.4324/9781315113067-23
- Dulal M, Afroj S, Karim N. Sustainable eco-design approach for next-generation wearable e-textiles. J Clean Prod. 2025;504:145404. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145404
- Skrzetuska E, Rzeźniczak P. Circularity of smart products and textiles containing flexible electronics: Challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Sensors. 2025;25(6):1787. doi: 10.3390/s25061787
- Sheng F, Zhang B, Cheng R, et al. Wearable energy harvesting-storage hybrid textiles as on-body self-charging power systems. Nano Res Energy. 2023;2:e9120079. doi: 10.26599/NRE.2023.9120079
- Wan Y. AI-driven wearable smart textiles: a review of research trends and frontiers. Fash Text. 2026;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s40691-026-00470-1
