Probability, along with logic and fuzziness, has become an essential framework for studying and managing complex, uncertain, and dynamic processes across science, engineering, and society, particularly in an era marked by globalization, incomplete information, and rapid technological change. The present work continues and further develops the exploration of the category of “probability” in its application to the technical field, particularly in radio engineering and electronics, as previously explored by the authors. In this interpretation, the concept of “probability” is examined across various areas of human activity, rendering it relevant to a broad range of specialists engaged with random processes in their respective fields. This study analyzes the varying interpretations underlying the theoretical foundations and practical applications of probability, logic, and fuzzy systems. This variability arises from differing understandings of the philosophical meaning of probability and logic, the objective principles governing the interconnection of probabilistic and logical reasoning, and the formation of fuzzy set theories and associated engineering tools. These tools have become increasingly useful in implementing the life cycle of structurally complex long-range technical systems, particularly in fields such as energy, telecommunications, military, and space technology. Moreover, the theory of fuzzy multitudes and related engineering approaches has gained relevance in studying climate change and the environmental ecology surrounding humans. They help establish the current state and predict future trends in social systems, wildlife populations, and other complex, dynamic environments.