AccScience Publishing / CHR / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/CHR025140009
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Health and safety education in human resource management for mining construction managers

Richard Phelps1* Janis Jansz1 Ping Chang1 Apurna Ghosh1
Show Less
1 Department of Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Western Australian School of Mines, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Received: 31 March 2025 | Revised: 11 August 2025 | Accepted: 19 August 2025 | Published online: 29 August 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

The need for safety and health education and training in reducing incident rates and improving an organization’s safety culture is well-established in the literature. With the introduction of stricter penalties for health and safety breaches across Australia, it is increasingly imperative for human resource practitioners to identify gaps in the education and training of construction site managers to ensure effective human resource management. This study aims to determine the level of health and safety education received by current and emerging construction managers, enabling them to fulfill their legal and moral obligations. An exploratory qualitative methodology was employed, using semi-structured interviews (n = 22) with a purposive sampling technique. Analysis through NVivo software revealed that very few participants had received formal health and safety education or peer mentoring to support their understanding of their role’s health and safety requirements. Their knowledge, instead, was gained piecemeal through on-the-job experiences. The findings from this study can assist human resource departments in implementing processes to better prepare both emerging and current managers to meet their legal and moral obligations.

Keywords
Education
Training
Human resource management
Mentoring
Funding
This research was funded by the Australian Government Research Training Program.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References

Abudayyeh, O., Fredericks, T.K., Butt, S.E., & Shaar, A. (2006). An investigation of management’s commitment to construction safety. International Journal of Project Management, 24(2):167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.07.005

 

Awolusi, I., Sulbaran, T., Song, S., Nnaji, C., & Ostadalimakhmalbaf, M. (2022). Safety education in the curriculum of construction programs. In: International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management. Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Management. p. 508-515.

 

Baker, V.L. (2015). People strategy in human resources: Lessons for mentoring in higher education. Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 23(1):6-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2015.1011034

 

Behm, M., Veltri, A., Fonooni, H., & Haynes, V. (2008). The importance of safety and environmental management education in business schools. The Journal of SH&E Research, The American Society of Safety Engineers, 5(1):1-9.

 

Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., et al. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8):652-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206

 

Casey, T., Turner, N., Hu, X., & Bancroft, K. (2021). Making safety training stickier: A richer model of safety training engagement and transfer. Journal of Safety Research, 78:303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.06.004

 

Chun, J.U., Sosik, J.J., & Yun, N.Y. (2012). A longitudinal study of mentor and protégé outcomes in formal mentoring relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8):1071-1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1781

 

Conchie, S.M., & Donald, I.J. (2006). The role of distrust in offshore safety performance. Risk Analysis, 26(5):1151-1159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00822.x

 

Conchie, S.M., Moon, S., & Duncan, M. (2013). Supervisors’ engagement in safety leadership: Factors that help and hinder. Safety Science, 51(1):109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.020

 

Creswell, J.W., & Clark, V.P. (2007). Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

 

Dahl, Ø., Rundmo, T., & Olsen, E, (2022). The impacts of business leaders’ formal health and safety training on the establishment of robust occupational safety and health management systems: three studies based on data from labour inspections. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3):1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031269

 

Duryan, M., Smyth, H., Roberts, A., Rowlinson, S., & Sherratt, F. (2020). Knowledge transfer for occupational health and safety: Cultivating health and safety learning culture in construction firms. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 139:105496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105496

 

Etikan, I., Musa, S.A., & Alkassim, R.S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11

 

Flin, R., & Fruhen, L. (2015). Managing safety: Ambiguous information and chronic unease. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 23(2):84-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12077.

 

Friesen, N. (2012). Experiential evidence: I, we, you. In: N. Friesen, C. Henriksson, & T. Saevi (Eds.). Hermeneutic Phenomenology. Rotterdam: Sense. p. 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-834-6_3

 

Fruhen, L.S., Mearns, K.J., Flin, R., & Kirwan, B. (2014). Skills, knowledge and senior managers’ demonstrations of safety commitment. Safety Science, 69:29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.08.024

 

Furci, J., & Sunindijo, R.Y. (2020). Impacts of the WHS Act 2011 on safety management in small and medium construction companies. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(3):196-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484844

 

Gambatese, J.A. (2003). Safety emphasis in university engineering and construction programs. International eJournal of Construction, 1:1-12.

 

Gravina, N., Cummins, B., & Austin, J. (2019). Leadership’s role in process safety: An understanding of behavioral science among managers and executives is needed. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 37(3-4):316-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2017.1340925

 

Grill, M., Pousette, A., Nielsen, K., Grytnes, R., & Törner, M. (2017). Safety leadership at construction sites: The importance of rule-oriented and participative leadership. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 43:375-384.

 

Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1):42-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690400300104

 

Gunningham, G. (2016). Impacts of Work Health and Safety Harmonisation on Very Large Businesses. RegNet Research Paper, (2016/118). Hill, R.H. Jr. (2021). Building strong cultures with chemical safety education. Journal of Chemical Education, 98:113-117.

 

Larsman, P., Ulfdotter Samuelsson, A., Räisänen, C., Rapp Ricciardi, M., & Grill, M. (2024). Role modeling of safety-leadership behaviors in the construction industry: A two-wave longitudinal study. Work, 77(2):523-531. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-230031

 

Loosemore, M., & Malouf, N. (2019). Safety training and positive safety attitude formation in the Australian construction industry. Safety Science, 113:233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.11.029

 

Lumbantoruan, S., Kurniawan, L., Christi, A., & Sihombing, J.B. (2020). Impact of transactional leadership style on employee job satisfaction. TAZKIYA: Journal of Psychology, 8(1):56-63. https://doi.org/10.15408/tazkiya.v8i1.14664

 

Maynard-Patrick, S., & Baugh, S.G. (2019). The role of felt obligation to mentor in mentor performance: An exploration of generalized reciprocity in mentoring. Career Development International, 24(7):619-635. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2018-0286

 

Melhem, M., Ateeq, A., Alzoraiki, M., & Beshr, B. (2024). Integrating occupational health and safety with human resource management: A comprehensive approach. In: The AI Revolution: Driving Business Innovation and Research: Vol. 1. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 311-317. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/380779428

 

Meyer, T. (2017). Towards the implementation of a safety education program in a teaching and research institution. Education for Chemical Engineers, 18:2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2015.06.003

 

Minnick, W., Wilhide, S., Diantoniis, R., Goodheart, T., Logan, S., & Moreau, R. (2014). Onboarding OSH professionals: The role of mentoring. Professional Safety, 59(12):27-33.

 

Molnar, M.M., Schwarz, U.V.T., Hellgren, J., Hasson, H., & Tafvelin, S. (2019). Leading for safety: A question of leadership focus. Safety and Health at Work, 10(2):180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2018.12.001

 

Mullen, C.A., & Klimaitis, C.C. (2021). Defining mentoring: A literature review of issues, types, and applications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1483(1):19-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14176

 

Newcomer, K.E., Hatry, H.P., & Wholey, J.S. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. In J.S. Wholey, H.P. Hatry, & K.E. Newcomer (Eds.). Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation. 3rd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 365-377.

 

Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015). Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(2):34-35. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102054

 

Norval, G., & Pakalnis, V. (2010). Teaching occupational health and safety in engineering schools - best practices, support and opportunities. In: Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA).

 

Obeidat, M.S., Dweiri, H.Q., & Smadi, H.J. (2024). Unveiling workplace safety and health empowerment: Unraveling the key elements influencing occupational injuries. Journal of Safety Research, 91:126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.013

 

Obilor, E.I. (2023). Convenience and purposive sampling techniques: Are they the same? International Journal of Innovative Social and Science Education Research, 11(1):1-7.

 

Ocampo-López, C., Forero-Gaviria, L., Ganan-Rojo, P., Martinez-Arboleda, J., & Castrillon-Hernandez, F. (2023). Incorporating process safety into a Colombian chemical engineering curriculum: A perception study. Education for Chemical Engineers, 44:45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2023.04.004

 

Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2016). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed methods implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Research, 42:533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

 

Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. United States: SAGE Publications.

 

Percy, W.H., Kostere, K., & Kostere, S. (2015). Generic qualitative research in psychology. The Qualitative Report, 20(2):76-85. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2097

 

Perrin, L., & Laurent, A. (2008). Current situation and future implementation of safety curricula for chemical engineering education in France. Education for Chemical Engineers, 3(2):e84-e91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2008.08.001

 

Pham, T.T., Lingard, H., & Zhang, R.P. (2023). Factors influencing construction workers’ intention to transfer occupational health and safety training. Safety Science, 167:106288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106288

 

Phelps, R., Jansz, J., Chang, P., & Ghosh, A. (2024). The post-harmonisation health and safety challenges of construction industry managers. Safety, 10(4):98. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10040098

 

Pitt, M.J. (2012). Teaching safety in chemical engineering: What, how and who? Chemical Engineering and Technology, 35(8):1341-1345. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201200024

 

Pyo, J., Lee, W., Choi, E.Y., Jang, S.G., & Ock, M. (2023). Qualitative research in healthcare: Necessity and characteristics. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 56(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.451

 

Qu, S.Q., & Dumay, J. (2011). The qualitative research interview. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 8(3):238-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070

 

Ramsook, L. (2018). A methodological approach to hermeneutic phenomenology. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(1):14-24.

 

Robens, L. (1972). Safety and Health at Work: Report of the Committee 1970-72. London: HM Stationery Office.

 

Safe Work Australia. (2024). Key Work Health and Safety Statistics Australia 2023. Available from: https://data.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/Final%20-%20Key% 20WHS%20Stats%202024_18%20 Sep.pdf [Last accessed on 2025 Mar 01].

 

Skeepers, N.C., & Mbohwa, C. (2015). A study on the leadership behaviour, safety leadership and safety performance in the construction industry in South Africa. Procedia Manufacturing, 4:10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.11.008

 

Sunindijo, R.Y. (2015). Improving safety among small organisations in the construction industry: Key barriers and improvement strategies. Procedia Engineering, 125:109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.017

 

Tang, R. (2023). Harnessing insights with NVivo. In J.M. Okoko., S. Tunison., & K.D. Walker. (Eds.). Varieties of Qualitative Research Methods. Springer Texts in Education. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04394-9_34

 

Tappura, S., Nenonen, N., & Kivistö-Rahnasto, J. (2017). Managers’ viewpoint on factors influencing their commitment to safety: An empirical investigation in five Finnish industrial organisations. Safety Science, 96:52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.007

 

Tümen-Akyildiz, S., & Ahmed, K.H. (2021). An overview of qualitative research and focus group discussion. Journal of Academic Research in Education, 7(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.866762

 

von Thiele Schwarz, U., Hasson, H., & Tafvelin, S. (2016). Leadership training as an occupational health intervention: Improved safety and sustained productivity. Safety Science, 81:35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.020

 

Wai-Packard, B. (2009). Definition of Mentoring. Mount Holyoke College. Available from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c8a999619d44665f6d554a60bcd8b3f0096d1a18 [Last accessed on 2025 Feb 25].

 

Wilkins, J.R. (2011). Construction workers’ perceptions of health and safety training programmes. Construction Management and Economics, 29(10):1017-1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2011.633538

 

Wong, L.P. (2008). Data analysis in qualitative research: A brief guide to using NVivo. Malaysian Family Physician: The Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 3(1):14.

 

Worlikar, M., & Aggrawal, A. (2017). To Study the Benefits of Mentoring on Organisations. International Humanistic Management Association, Research Paper Series, (18-4). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3093993

 

Yaqoob, S., & Khan, S. (2019). Promoting Safety Culture: Change in Mindset. Paper Presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE. https://doi.org/10.2118/197941-MS

 

Zohar, D. (2002). The effects of leadership dimensions, safety climate, and assigned priorities on minor injuries in work groups. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(1):75-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.130

Share
Back to top
Current Human Resource, Published by AccScience Publishing