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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Trends and hotspots in tetracycline removal research over the last 20 years: A bibliometric analysis

Shengli Shi1,2 ,  Dingfang Zhang2 ,  Yanjun Yang2 ,  Aiguo Luo2* ,  Yong Liu1*
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1 Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
2 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
AJWEP, 026110071 https://doi.org/10.36922/AJWEP026110071
Received: 13 March 2026 | Revised: 8 April 2026 | Accepted: 15 May 2026 | Published online: 18 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Tetracyclines are a novel pollutant that has become a significant environmental contaminant due to their widespread use and poor biodegradability, leading to their accumulation in ecosystems and posing potential hazards. Concerns over the ecological risks and antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics have prompted research into removal technologies. In recent years, various techniques have emerged, with both single and combined technologies demonstrating excellent performance in removing tetracyclines from different environments. This study uses the CiteSpace bibliometric software, in conjunction with literature data obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database, to conduct a visual analysis of publication volume, author groups, publishing institutions, clustering of high-frequency keywords, and co-citation patterns in research into the removal of tetracyclines. The results demonstrated an overall upward trend in the number of publications from 2004 to 2024. China leads in publication volume, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences dominating the top 10 institutions in the WoS rankings. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis and literature co-citation analysis revealed an evolution of removal technologies from single materials to composite materials, from simple adsorption to functionalized degradation, from non-biological removal to biodegradation, and from single technologies to integrated composite systems. Looking ahead, as materials science, microbiology, environmental chemistry, and other disciplines continue to converge, tetracycline removal technologies are poised to advance toward precision, intelligence, and scalability. This evolution will provide stronger support for addressing tetracycline pollution worldwide.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Tetracyclines
CiteSpace
Bibliometrics
Visualization
Research hotspots
Funding
This research was funded by the postdoctoral funding program in Shanxi province, the central government-guided local science and technology development funds (YDZJSX2024C030), and the Innovation Team Development in Jinzhong University (jzxyjscxtd202408).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, Electronic ISSN: 1875-8568 Print ISSN: 0972-9860, Published by AccScience Publishing
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