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REVIEW ARTICLE

Impacts of centralized photovoltaic power stations on ecosystem components and greenhouse gas emissions: A review

Hao Fu1† ,  Jizheng Wu1† ,  Yang Liu1 ,  Xinyu Zhai1 ,  Xinyu Zhao1 ,  Wei Fang1 ,  Panyue Zhang1* ,  Ruiping Li2* ,  Xinming Wang3 ,  Guangming Zhang4
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1 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Wetland Comprehensive Management, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
2 Ordos Carbon Neutrality Research and Application Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China
3 Ordos Anwei Smart Operation and Maintenance New Energy Co., Ltd., Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China
4 Institute of Water Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
AJWEP, 026020005 https://doi.org/10.36922/AJWEP026020005
Received: 5 January 2026 | Revised: 2 February 2026 | Accepted: 6 February 2026 | Published online: 26 March 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Sustainable Development of Ecology and Environment)
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Driven by the goal of mitigating global warming, centralized photovoltaic power stations are developing rapidly. While considering their power generation efficiency, a systematic assessment of their comprehensive impact on the ecosystem is necessary. In this review, the impact and driving factors of photovoltaic power stations on ecosystem composition and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are summarized, as well as the planning and management of photovoltaic power stations. Due to the varying construction scale, construction methods, and geographical locations of photovoltaic power stations, these power stations show different temporal and spatial changes in impacts on local meteorological conditions, soil characteristics, and biological communities, further affecting soil GHG emissions indirectly, leading to an overestimation of carbon emission reduction capacity of photovoltaic power stations. Solar radiation and precipitation distribution are the main factors driving the changes in microclimate, soil properties, biological communities, and GHG emissions. Optimizing the construction mode of photovoltaic power stations not only enhances power generation efficiency but also alters their environmental impact. However, there is still a lack of impact paths and mechanisms of centralized photovoltaic power stations on the abiotic environment and biological communities, the ecological energy comprehensive assessment system, and the ecological and energy efficiency prediction for different photovoltaic power station construction modes. Efforts in these directions will promote the development of eco-friendly photovoltaic systems.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Photovoltaic management
Solar energy
Ecology
Environment
Carbon dioxide emissions
Funding
This study was funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Ordos City (YF20232303).
Conflict of interest
Panyue Zhang is the Guest Editor of this special issue, but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Ruiping Li is affiliated with Ordos Carbon Neutrality Research and Application Co., Ltd. (Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China), and Xinming Wang is affiliated with Ordos Anwei Smart Operation and Maintenance New Energy Co., Ltd. (Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China). The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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