Estimation of Air Pollutants Along with Meteorological Parameters and Study of Their Impact on Human Health

The research studies have shown that air pollution has been well thought-out as the main warning to health globally. It requests the participation of researchers from time to time to address and revive the problem sincerely. In India concentration of air pollutants has become a serious issue. In most Indian cities, the level of air pollutants is above the prescribed level as per the CPCB. Gwalior City of Madhya Pradesh (India) is at the entrance of speedy urbanisation and industrialisation which causes the worsening air quality of the city. As per the reports of 2015, Gwalior is listed among the top polluted city in India. To address this problem an investigation of air pollutant concentration was carried out at three stations in Gwalior. In this study SO2, NO2 and RSPM and SPM were collected over three stations categorised as residential, industrial and commercial and estimation was done by chemical methods. Meteorological parameters like temperature and relative humidity were also recorded during the sampling period. Seasonal variations of these pollutants have been analysed and noted. From the study, the concentrations of the pollutants were observed to be high in summer and winter than in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. In this study, it was noticed that the RSPM and SPM levels at all selected sites exceed the prescribed limits. While the level of gaseous SO2 and NO2 are observed to remain under prescribed limits. The main objective of this study was to know the quality of air in Gwalior and study its health impacts as the city has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities that can be developed into a smart city under PM Narendra Modi’s flagship Smart Cities Mission.
- Afroz, R, Hassan, M.N. and N.A. Abraham (2003). Review of air pollution and health impact in Malaysia. Environmental Research, 92: 71-77.
- Akdi, Y., Okkaoglu, Y. and M.E. Yuccel (2020). Estimation and forecasting of PM10 air pollution in Ankara Via time series and harmonic regression. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17: 3677-3690.
- CPCB (2011). Guidelines for the Measurement of Ambient Air Pollutants, Volume-1, Delhi.
- Goyal, S.K. (1998). Measurement of NO2 in ambient aireffect of bubbler type and sample flow rate in sodium arsenite method. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 19: 161-165.
- Jacob, M.B. and S. Hochheiser (1958). Continuous sampling and ultra micro determination of nitrogen dioxide. Anal. Chem., 30: 426-428.
- Jayshree, J. (2000). Automobile pollution in Thiruvananthapuram city. Polln Res, 19(3): 395-397.
- Kamath and Lokeshappa (2014). Air quality indexing for selected areas in Bangalore City, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(8): 15625-15630.
- Künzli, N., Perez, L. and R. Rapp (2010). Air quality and health. Lausanne: European Respiratory Society.
- Mentzakis, E. and D. Delfino (2010). Effects of air pollution and meteorological parameters on human health in the city of Athens, Greece. Int. J. Environ. Pollut., 40(1/2/3): 210-225.
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India. (2015). Report of the steering community an air pollution and health related issues.
- IS 5182 (part 23) (2006). Indian standards – Methods for measurement of air pollution, Part-23 – Respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10), cyclonic technique. Method IO-2.1 Sampling of Ambient Air for Total Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and PM Using High Volume (HV) Sampler.
- Pant, P. (2010). Harrison and critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter: A case study of India. Atmospheric Environment, 49: 1-12.
- Pathak, C.Y., Mandalia, H.C., Roy, D. and R.B. Jadeja (2015). Comparative study of ambient air quality status of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar City in Gujarat, India. Chemical Science Transactions, 4(1): 89-94.
- West, W., Phillip and G.C. Gaek (1956). Reference method for the determination of SO2 in atmosphere (Paraosaniline method). Analytical Chemistry, 28: 1816-1819.
- Vohra, K., Vodonos, A. and J. Schwartz (2021). Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem. Environmental Research, 195: 110754
- Vadonos, A., Abu Awad, Y. and J. Schwartz (2018). The concentration-response between longterm PM2.5 exposure and mortality: A meta-regression approach. Environ. Res., 166(2018): 677-689. 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.021
- Vallero, D. (2007). Fundamentals of Air Pollution. 4thedition. California, USA: Academic Press.
- Yang, C.Y., Chang, C.C., Chuang, H.Y., Tsai, S.S., Wu, T.N. and C.K. Ho (2004). Relationship between air pollution and daily mortality in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. Environment International, 30: 519-523.