Emotional intelligence and artificial intelligence as catalysts for professional development and lifelong learning among healthcare professionals: A literature review

The current healthcare professionals require interdisciplinary training that integrates emotional intelligence (EI) and artificial intelligence (AI). EI equips healthcare professionals with the ability to communicate empathetically, provide patient care, and regulate emotions, while AI serves as a knowledge-based decision support system that improves decision-making and clinical efficiency. This study explores the integration of EI and AI in healthcare and examines their combined impact on both instructional methods and clinical practice. In addition, we evaluated the role of EI in fostering patient interaction, strengthening teamwork, and combating burnout, alongside the role of AI in advancing learning, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enabling personalized care. Moreover, existing literature on EI and AI is discussed in this study to highlight their complementary roles in enhancing healthcare practices. A combined EI and AI training approach can offer a holistic training model for preparing healthcare professionals. While EI enhances its ability to handle emotional challenges, AI provides data-driven information that can sharpen clinical thinking and improve efficiency. Together, EI and AI play a crucial role in enhancing patient care, decision-making, and teamwork. An integrated approach that combines both AI and EI, aimed at enhancing clinical skills and professional development, represents a promising advancement in healthcare practice. Integrating EI with AI tools optimizes both human and technological capabilities, fostering a more competent, compassionate, and productive healthcare workforce.

- Johnson MO. The shifting landscape of health care: Toward a model of health care empowerment. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(2):265-270. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.189829
- Erol BA, Majumdar A, Benavidez P, Rad P, Choo KKR, Jamshidi M. Toward artificial emotional intelligence for cooperative social human-machine interaction. IEEE Trans Comput Soc Syst. 2020;7(1):234-246. doi: 10.1109/TCSS.2019.2922593
- Sharma V, Kumar H. Emotional intelligence in the era of artificial intelligence for medical professionals. J Int Med Grad. 2023;2(2):112. doi: 10.56570/jimgs.v2i2.112
- Goleman D. Leadership: The Power of Emotional Intelligence. United States: More Than Sound; 1995.
- McNulty JP, Politis Y. Empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills in healthcare education. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2023;54(2):238-246. doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.02.014
- Karimi L, Leggat SG, Bartram T, Afshari L, Sarkeshik S, Verulava T. Emotional intelligence: Predictor of employees wellbeing, quality of patient care, and psychological empowerment. BMC Psychol. 2021;9(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00593-8
- Mishra S. The Impact of AI on Improving the Efficiency and Accuracy of Managerial Decisions; 2024. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382850204-the-impact-of-ai-on-improving-the-efficiency-and-accuracy-of-managerial-decisions [Last accessed on Mar 23 2025].
- Dai CP, Ke F. Educational applications of artificial intelligence in simulation-based learning: A systematic mapping review. Comput Educ Artif Intell. 2022;3:100087. doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100087
- Hachoumi N, Eddabbah M, El Adib AR. Health sciences lifelong learning and professional development in the era of artificial intelligence. Int J Med Inform. 2023;178:105171. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105171
- Bohr A, Memarzadeh K. The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare applications. Artif Intell Healthc. 2020;26:25-60. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818438-7.00002-2
- Narimisaei J, Naeim M, Imannezhad S, Samian P, Sobhani M. Exploring emotional intelligence in artificial intelligence systems: A comprehensive analysis of emotion recognition and response mechanisms. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024;86(8):4657-4663. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002315
- Coronado-Maldonado I, Benítez-Márquez MD. Emotional Intelligence, Leadership, and Work Teams: A Hybrid Literature Review Science Direct; 2023. Available from: https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s2405844023075643 [Last accessed on 2024 Nov 6].
- Moudatsou M, Stavropoulou A, Philalithis A, Koukouli S. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):26. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8010026
- Cao Y, Gao L, Fan L, Jiao M, Li Y, Ma Y. The influence of emotional intelligence on job burnout of healthcare workers and mediating role of workplace violence: A cross sectional study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:892421. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.892421
- Aggarwal K, Mijwil MM, Sonia, G, et al. Has the future started? The current growth of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Iraqi J Comput Sci Math. 2022;3(1):115-123. doi: 10.52866/ijcsm.2022.01.01.013
- Bassner P, Frankford E. Iris: An AI-Driven Virtual Tutor for Computer Science Education; 2024. Available from: https:// arxiv.org/html/2405.08008v1 [Last accessed on 2024 May 21].
- Davenport T, Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J. 2019;6:94-98. doi: 10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94
- Abdulghafor R, Abdelmohsen A, Turaev S, Ali MAH, Wani S. An analysis of body language of patients using artificial intelligence. Healthcare. 2022;10(12):2504. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10122504
- Shaik T, Tao X, Higgins N, et al. Remote patient monitoring using artificial intelligence: Current state, applications, and challenges. WIREs Data Min Knowl Discov. 2023;13(2):e1485. doi: 10.1002/widm.1485
- Mattingly V, Kraiger K. Can emotional intelligence be trained? A meta-analytical investigation. Hum Resour Manag Rev. 2019;29(2):140-155. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.03.002
- Ibrahim MMA. Exploring emotional intelligence in Jordan’s artificial intelligence (AI) healthcare adoption: A UTAUT framework. J Electr Syst. 2024;20(10s):502-541. doi: 10.52783/jes.5143
- Abulibdeh A, Zaidan E, Abulibdeh R. Navigating the Confluence of Artificial Intelligence and Education for Sustainable Development in the Era of Industry 4.0: Challenges, Opportunities, and Ethical Dimensions - Science Direct; 2024. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/s0959652623046851 [Last accessed on 2024 Apr 27].
- Docherty M. Collaborative Learning: The Group is Greater than the Sum of its Parts. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 26-33.
- Sethi SS, Jain K. AI technologies for social emotional learning: Recent research and future directions. J Res Innov Teach Learn. 2024;17(2):213-225. doi: 10.1108/JRIT-03-2024-0073
- Cherry MG, Fletcher I, O’Sullivan H, Dornan T. Emotional intelligence in medical education: A critical review. Med Educ. 2014;48(5):468-478. doi: 10.1111/medu.12406
- Conradty C, Bogner FX. Learning How to Flow: Paving the Way for Lifelong Learning IntechOpen; 2024. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/89014 [Last accessed on 2024 Nov 11].