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REVIEW ARTICLE

Organoids in aging research: Bridging cutting-edge biotechnology with the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine

Yi Wei1,2 ,  Yu Wang3 ,  Qionglin Liang3* ,  Wei Wang1*
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1 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
2 Department of Urology, Center for Medicine Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
3 Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
OR, 025460035 https://doi.org/10.36922/OR025460035
Received: 16 November 2025 | Revised: 27 December 2025 | Accepted: 31 December 2025 | Published online: 21 January 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The growth of the global older population has necessitated the development of advanced models to investigate biological processes in aging and to explore viable anti-aging strategies. This review focuses on two objectives: First, to explore organoid technology as a paradigm for observing and intervening in human aging, and second, to examine the possible overlaps and crossroads between organoid-based biomedical paradigms and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Recent advancements in this field have increased the physiological relevance of organoids, incorporating both a dynamic microenvironment and multi-organ interactions. Such accomplishments have enhanced the accuracy of models of neurodegeneration, cardiovascular deterioration, metabolic diseases, and age-related conditions. In addition to pharmacological and genetic treatments, organoid models offer new opportunities to study well-known anti-aging techniques, such as those that rely on the TCM system, which aims to balance the body using natural substances with antioxidant and repair properties. Together, organoid-based aging research and mechanistic evaluation of TCM-derived compounds may help identify interventions that support healthy aging.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Organoids
Aging
Organ-on-a-chip
Traditional Chinese medicine
Anti-aging interventions
Funding
This study is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1103403), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82104128), and Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (No. 2024JJ9426).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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