AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / DOI: 10.18063/ijb.706
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REVIEW

3D printing of biomaterials for vascularized and innervated tissue regeneration

Hongjian Zhang1,2 Chengtie Wu1,2*
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1 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
Submitted: 22 September 2022 | Accepted: 6 December 2022 | Published: 10 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing in Tissue Engineering--Call for Papers )
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Neurovascular networks play significant roles in the metabolism and regeneration of many tissues and organs in the human body. Blood vessels can transport sufficient oxygen, nutrients, and biological factors, while nerve fibers transmit excitation signals to targeted cells. However, traditional scaffolds cannot satisfy the requirement of stimulating angiogenesis and innervation in a timely manner due to the complexity of host neurovascular networks. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as a versatile and favorable technique, provides an effective approach to fabricating biological scaffolds with biomimetic architectures and multimaterial compositions, which are capable of regulating multiple cell behaviors. This review paper presents a summary of the current progress in 3D-printed biomaterials for vascularized and innervated tissue regeneration by presenting skin, bone, and skeletal muscle tissues as an example. In addition, we highlight the crucial roles of blood vessels and nerve fibers in the process of tissue regeneration and discuss the future perspectives for engineering novel biomaterials. It is expected that 3D-printed biomaterials with angiogenesis and innervation properties can not only recapitulate the physiological microenvironment of damaged tissues but also rapidly integrate with host neurovascular networks, resulting in accelerated functional tissue regeneration. 

Keywords
3D printing
Biomaterials
Vascularization
Innervation
Tissue regeneration
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing