Zn-doped chitosan/alginate multilayer coatings on porous hydroxyapatite scaffold with osteogenic and antibacterial properties

Zhijing He^1,2†, Chen Jiao^1,2†, Junnan Wu^1,2, Jiasen Gu^1,2, Huixin Liang³, Lida Shen^1,2,4*, Youwen Yang^4*, Zongjun Tian^1,2,4, Changjiang Wang⁵, Qing Jiang⁶

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¹ Institute of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

² College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

³ State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China

⁴ Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China

⁵ Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom

⁶ State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

IJB 2023, 9(2), 668 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i2.668

Received: 7 September 2022 | Accepted: 21 October 2022 | Published online: 13 January 2023

© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds prepared by three-dimensional (3D) printing have wide application prospects owing to personalized structural design and excellent biocompatibility. However, the lack of antimicrobial properties limits its widespread use. In this study, a porous ceramic scaffold was fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) method. The multilayer chitosan/alginate composite coatings prepared by layer-by-layer method were applied to scaffolds and Zn2+ was doped into coatings in the form of ion crosslinking. The chemical composition and morphology of coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrated that Zn2+ was uniformly distributed in the coating. Besides, the compressive strength of coated scaffolds (11.52 ± 0.3 MPa) was slightly improved compared with that of bare scaffolds (10.42 ± 0.56 MPa). The result of soaking experiment indicated that coated scaffolds exhibited delayed degradation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that within the limits of concentration, a higher Zn content in the coating has a stronger capacity to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Although excessive release of Zn2+ led to cytotoxicity, it presented a stronger antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli (99.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (93%).

Keywords

Porous hydroxyapatite scaffold

Multi-layer polymer coating

Zn doping

Osteogenic property

Antibacterial property

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