Validity of a Soft and Flexible 3D-Printed Nissen Fundoplication Model in Surgical Training

Yangyi Zhang^1†, Jianfu Xia^2,3†, Jiye Zhang⁴, Jinlei Mao⁵, Hao Chen⁶, Hui Lin⁷, Pan Jiang⁸, Xinzhong He⁹, Xiaodong Xu¹⁰, Mingzhu Yin^1*, Zhifei Wang^11*

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¹ Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China

² Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou Central Hospital), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China

³ Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, 215000, China

⁴ Department of General Surgery, Yueqing Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Yueqing People’s Hospital), Yueqing, Zhejiang, 325600, China

⁵ The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China

⁶ The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China

⁷ Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China

⁸ State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

⁹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, 314500, China

¹⁰ College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014

¹¹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

IJB 2022, 8(2), 546 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v8i2.546

Received: 28 November 2022 | Accepted: 14 February 2022 | Published online: 23 March 2022

© 2022 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has enabled the production of many new materials for medical applications but the dry laboratory surgical training model made of soft and flexible materials is still insufficient. We established a new 3D-printed Nissen fundoplication training model of which materials simulate the real mechanical properties. In this study, 16 participants were divided into two groups: Experimental group and control group. The validity of model was tested using Likert scale by the experts and the experimental group. To evaluate the efficacy, performances of the experimental group were scored at the first, fourth, and eighth training by OSATS system and the duration of procedure was compared through the use of recorded video. Meanwhile, an ex vivo model was used to compare the performance of the experiment group and control group after the training in the same way. Our results showed that the 3D-printed model can support the future surgical applications, help improve surgical skills, and shorten procedure time after training.

Keywords

3D-printed model

Nissen fundoplication

Surgical training

Soft materials

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