Developments and Opportunities for 3D Bioprinted Organoids

Ya Ren^1,2†, Xue Yang^1,2†, Zhengjiang Ma^1†, Xin Sun¹, Yuxin Zhang³, Wentao Li¹, Han Yang⁴, Lei Qiang⁵, Zezheng Yang⁶, Yihao Liu¹, Changxu Deng¹, Liang Zhou⁷, Tianchang Wang¹, Jingsheng Lin⁸, Tao Li^9*, Tao Wu^10*, Jinwu Wang^1,4*

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¹ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China

² Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610036, China

³ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China

⁴ Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd, Shanghai 200030, China

⁵ Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610036, China

⁶ Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China

⁷ Center for Medicine Intelligent and Development Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200020, China

⁸ Department of Information Technology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

⁹ Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

¹⁰ Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200120, China

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

IJB 2021, 7(3), 364 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i3.364

© Invalid date by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Organoids developed from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells are three-dimensional cell cultures possessing certain key characteristics of their organ counterparts, and they can mimic certain biological developmental processes of organs in vitro. Therefore, they have promising applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative repair of tissues and organs. However, the construction of organoids currently faces numerous challenges, such as breakthroughs in scale size, vascularization, better reproducibility, and precise architecture in time and space. Recently, the application of bioprinting has accelerated the process of organoid construction. In this review, we present current bioprinting techniques and the application of bioinks and summarize examples of successful organoid bioprinting. In the future, a multidisciplinary combination of developmental biology, disease pathology, cell biology, and materials science will aid in overcoming the obstacles pertaining to the bioprinting of organoids. The combination of bioprinting and organoids with a focus on structure and function can facilitate further development of real organs.

Keywords

Bioprinting

Organoid

Tissue engineering

Organ development

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