Scaffold-free, Label-free, and Nozzle-free Magnetic Levitational Bioassembler for Rapid Formative Biofabrication of 3D Tissues and Organs

Vladislav A. Parfenov^1,2†*, Stanislav V. Petrov^1†, Frederico D. A. S. Pereira¹, Aleksandr A. Levin¹, Elizaveta V. Koudan¹, Elizaveta K. Nezhurina³, Pavel A. Karalkin^1,3, Mikhail M. Vasiliev⁴, Oleg F. Petrov⁴, Vladimir S. Komlev², Yusef D. Khesuani^1†, Vladimir A. Mironov^1,5†

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¹ Laboratory for Biotechnological Research, “3D Bioprinting Solutions,” Moscow, Russia

² A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciencen Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

³ P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Moscow, Russia

⁴ Joint Institute for High Temperaturesn Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

⁵ I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

IJB 2020, 6(3), 304 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v6i3.304

© Invalid date by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Scaffolding is the conceptual framework of conventional tissue engineering. Over the past decade, scaffold-free approaches as a potential alternative to classic scaffold-based methods have emerged, and scaffold-free magnetic levitational tissue engineering (magnetic force-based tissue engineering [Mag-TE]) is a type of this novel tissue engineering strategy. However, Mag-TE is often based on the use of potentially toxic magnetic nanoparticles. Scaffold-free and label-free magnetic levitational bioassembly do not employ magnetic nanoparticles and thus, the potential toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles can be avoided. In this short review, we describe the conceptual foundation of scaffold-free, label-free, and nozzle-free formative biofabrication using magnetic fields as “scaffields.” The design and implementation of “Organ.Aut,” the first commercial magnetic levitational bioassembler, and the potential applications of magnetic bioassembler are discussed as well.

Keywords

Magnetic levitation

Bioassembler

Formative biofabrication

Tissue spheroids

Scaffield

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