AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/IJB026110089
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Printing parameters for digital light processing three-dimensional printing in dentistry: A practice-oriented narrative review

Yifan Zhang1,2,3,4† ,  Jiashuo Wang1,2,3,4† ,  Peiqi Wang1,2,3,4† ,  Shuhan Tang1,2,3,4 ,  Chaoran Xue1,2,3,4*
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1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
4 Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
IJB 2026, 12(2), 026110089 https://doi.org/10.36922/IJB026110089
Received: 10 March 2026 | Revised: 14 April 2026 | Accepted: 15 April 2026 | Published online: 30 April 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Digital light processing (DLP) is a widely adopted three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in dentistry that utilizes digital micromirror devices for photopolymerization. The quality of DLP-printed dental products depends on printing parameters. This review synthesizes how printing orientation, support design, layer thickness, exposure time, post-processing, and their interactions influence key quality attributes, including dimensional accuracy, mechanical properties, and efficiency, with the aim of proposing practice-oriented fabrication guidance for dental products. Among the evaluated parameters, printing orientation is particularly critical because its optimal selection depends on the geometry and clinical requirements of the specific clinical product. Printing orientation directly influences printing quality through critical surface orientation, model height, and interlayer cohesion area, and indirectly affects printing quality through other printing parameters. Current research is constrained by reliance on standard specimens and oversight of parameter interactions, necessitating the development of clinical scenario-specific printing workflows and material-oriented guidelines.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Digital light processing
Three-dimensional printing
Printing orientation
Support design
Layer thickness
Exposure time
Post-processing
Funding
This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2025ZNSFSC0756), National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC2510700), Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2025NSFTD0026), Sichuan Provincial Department of Education 2025 Provincial Innovative Experimental Projects for Regular Undergraduate Institutions (Grant No.: 13), Sichuan Provincial Department of Education 2024–2026 Sichuan Higher Education Talent Cultivation Quality and Teaching Reform Projects (Grant No.: 61), and Clinical Research Project of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (LCYJ-MS-202511).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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