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Decellularized extracellular matrix for three-dimensional bioprinted in vitro disease modeling

Mihyeon Bae1,2† ,  Joeng Ju Kim1,2† ,  Jongmin Kim1,2 ,  Dong-Woo Cho1,2*
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1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
2 POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
IJB 2024, 10(2), 1970 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1970
Submitted: 6 October 2023 | Accepted: 3 November 2023 | Published: 16 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fine-tuned Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Precise in vitro models in tissue engineering have attracted the attention of researchers seeking to understand physiological consequences from native tissues as well as the mechanism of diseases in vitro. To construct delicate native tissue-like in vitro models, a proper combination of biomimetic materials and a biofabrication strategy is required. Conventional biomaterials, such as collagens, laminins, and synthetic polymers, have been widely adapted in tissue recapitulation; however, they lack tissue specificity in the context of biophysical properties and native-like extracellular matrix composition. The lack of tissue specificity accounts for the pathophysiological discrepancy between preclinical model and actual human patient. Thus, biomaterials should be improved for attaining physiological similarity between disease models and patients. Additionally, a biofabrication technique is essential for building mature cellular or tissue structures with a sophisticated bioassembly process. Among the biofabrication techniques, bioprinting stands as a promising approach for constructing three-dimensional (3D) cellular structures using specific cell types and biomaterials. Combining multifunctional bioinks and bioprinting is expected to enhance tissue specificity with regard to structural recapitulation. From this viewpoint, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink has been increasingly used to achieve tissue specificity and manufacturability in 3D bioprinting. Progress in this domain requires the clarification of tissue-specific decellularization method and the development of a proper 3D bioprinting method, in conjunction with the improvement of the compatibility between dECM and bioprinting. In this review, we introduce the production methods and characteristics of dECM in the context of tissue specificity and examine state-of-the-art dECM-incorporated 3D-bioprinted in vitro models for disease investigation. We also recommend a strategy for improving dECM for use in therapeutic studies based on simulations of the pathophysiological microenvironment.

Keywords
Decellularized extracellular matrix
Bioink
3D bioprinting
In vitro model
Biomaterial
Funding
This work was supported by the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine funded by Ministry of Science and ICT, and Ministry of Health and Welfare (22A0106L1, Republic of Korea), and was supported by the Alchemist Project (20012378, Development of Meta Soft Organ Module Manufacturing Technology without Immunity Rejection and Module Assembly Robot System) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea).
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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