AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.1814
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REVIEW

DNA-functionalized hyaluronic acid bioink in cartilage engineering: a perspective

Mengmeng Li1,2† ,  Yan Wu1,2† ,  Miaomiao Wang1,2† ,  Wencai Zhang3* ,  Peiran Song1,2* ,  Jiacan Su1,2,4*
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1 Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
2 National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
3 Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
4 Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
IJB 2024, 10(2), 1814 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1814
Submitted: 24 August 2023 | Accepted: 21 November 2023 | Published: 16 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of 3D bioprinting materials: Hyaluronic acid-based bioink)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Degenerative osteoarthritis, a common sequela of articular cartilage defect, significantly impacts the quality of life of millions of individuals worldwide. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as an advanced tissue engineering strategy, offering precise spatial arrangements of cells, hydrogels, and bioactive cues. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a crucial component of bioink designed for fabricating cartilage tissue. However, creating a bioink that closely mimics the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) still remains a challenge. HA hydrogels have limitations in recapitulating tunable mechanical properties, stimuli responsiveness, and flexibility in ligands’ adhesion akin to those of native tissues. In recent years, DNA has emerged as a smart biomaterial that endows hydrogels with tunable properties and allows for precise structural customization of the hydrogels due to its unique programmability. Integrating reversible DNA linkages, reconfigurable DNA architectures, DNA plasmid, and targeted DNA aptamers into HA hydrogels allows them to respond to the extracellular environment and express desired molecules, making them ideal artificial ECMs for 3D bioprinting of cartilage tissue. This review targets this challenge by highlighting the characteristics of DNA moieties designed as reversible crosslinkers, responsive units, and adhesion ligands to functionalize HA hydrogels. Furthermore, we offer perspectives on how DNA-functionalized HA hydrogels can be harnessed to create dynamic and biomimetic bioink capable of recapitulating the more complex functions required for cartilage tissue engineering.

Keywords
Hyaluronic acid
DNA functionalization
Cartilage regeneration
Tissue engineering
Funding
The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1423400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230071, 82172098), and Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (23141900600).
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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