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REVIEW ARTICLE

The potential relationship between YAP and PCNP in esophageal carcinoma and its influence on carcinogenesis

Weihang Sun1,2,3 ,  Faji Liu3,4,5 ,  Tiantian Sun3,5 ,  Xu Han3,5 ,  Junru Jia3,5 ,  Haiqiang Wang3,5 ,  Xinying Ji1,2* ,  Yang An3* ,  Junhui Guo4*
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1 Henan Provincial Research Center of Engineering Technology for Nuclear Protein Medical Detection, Zhengzhou Health College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
4 Department of Oncology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
5 School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
GPD, 025340063 https://doi.org/10.36922/GPD025340063
Received: 19 August 2025 | Revised: 22 November 2025 | Accepted: 2 December 2025 | Published online: 17 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Its occurrence and development involve abnormal regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In recent years, the role of Hippo signaling and PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP) in esophageal cancer has gradually received attention. As a key regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis, the Hippo pathway exerts its biological effects primarily through its core effector Yes-associated protein (YAP)/TAZ; accumulating evidence confirms that aberrant activation of YAP is closely linked to esophageal cancer occurrence, progression, lymph node metastasis, and chemoresistance, making it a critical oncogenic driver. PCNP, a highly conserved nuclear protein, together with its E3 enzyme NIRF, is involved in modulating cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and apoptotic signaling under physiological conditions. However, its overexpression in esophageal cancer tissues has been associated with accelerated tumor growth and unfavorable patient outcomes, potentially through interactions with downstream oncogenic mediators such as NRF2. This review summarizes the research progress on the Hippo pathway and PCNP, and proposes a possible mechanistic interplay between them in esophageal cancer based on their functions, focusing on exploring their mechanisms of action, regulatory relationships, and potential therapeutic targets in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer, in order to provide ideas for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of esophageal cancer.

Keywords
Hippo pathway
PEST-containing nuclear protein
Esophageal cancer
YAP/TAZ
Targeted therapy
Funding
This work was supported by the Cultivation Project for Innovation Team in Teachers’ Teaching Proficiency by Zhengzhou Health College (No. 2024jxcxtd01) and the Innovation Project for College Students of Henan University (No. 202510475073, 202510475143, 20253201155).
Conflict of interest
Xinying Ji is an Associate Editor, whereas Yang An serves as a member of the Youth Editorial Board of this journal, but they were not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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