AccScience Publishing / GHES / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ghes.8492
REVIEW ARTICLE

Fundamentals of the global healthcare system and its reforms during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chayan Munshi1* Ruma Garai1 Swapnanil Mondal1 Upama Das1 Ishika Pal1 Farhan Jamil1
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1 Ethophilia Research Foundation, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
Received: 10 January 2025 | Revised: 16 April 2025 | Accepted: 29 April 2025 | Published online: 5 June 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

The global healthcare system is inherently dynamic, shaped by the critical application of economic models aimed at delivering life-saving care to populations across all socioeconomic strata. However, when unprecedented crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2), emerge, the unanticipated demand for healthcare facilities disrupts the socioeconomic stability of the global healthcare system. The surge in healthcare expenditures strains the existing financial structures, challenging their capacity to sustain essential services. Nonetheless, supplementary financial support, through crowdfunding, government funding, and private sector contributions, has assisted in stabilizing healthcare delivery during such a period. These financial shifts have driven the implementation of novel approaches in the global COVID-19 response. This review examines the economic landscape of the global healthcare system and highlights the fundamental managerial protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords
Healthcare management
Healthcare finance
COVID-19
Public health
COVID-19 management
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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