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REVIEW ARTICLE

Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of curcumin and its derivatives in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma

Rongkai Huang1 ,  Qin Yang2 ,  Shengyi Liu1 ,  Yukai Tang1 ,  Jing Luo1 ,  Limin Liu1*
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1 Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital Affiliated with Hunan Normal University, The 921st Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Changsha, Hunan, China
2 Typhoid Fever Teaching and Research Section, Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
EJMO, 025190169 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025190169
Received: 6 May 2025 | Revised: 2 June 2025 | Accepted: 6 June 2025 | Published online: 4 July 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Primary head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant global health concern, strongly associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus infection (particularly in oropharyngeal cancer), and carcinogen exposure. The term “head-and-neck cancer” broadly encompasses malignancies of the head-and-neck region, including nasopharyngeal and oral cancers. Due to its complex anatomy and occult nature, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced local stage (Stage III/IV). Treatment frequently results in recurrence and metastasis, leading to poor 5-year survival rates. Curcumin, an extract from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and multitargeted anticancer activities. Compared to conventional formulations, curcumin derivatives demonstrate enhanced stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics, offering therapeutic potential in HNSCC. This review highlights recent advancements in the antitumor mechanisms of curcumin and its derivatives in primary HNSCC. The objective is to provide innovative insights that could inform the development of more comprehensive and effective treatment strategies for HNSCC. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted using advanced filters and Boolean logic with relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords, covering publications from 1987 to April 17, 2025. After screening titles and abstracts, 272 publications were selected, including 158 published in the last decade and 85 within the past 5 years. Curcumin and its derivatives demonstrate antitumor properties by disrupting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, modulating key signaling pathways, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, regulating epigenetic activities, and inducing oxidative stress and autophagy. They also show synergy with radiochemotherapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Their multifaceted antitumor properties and favorable safety profiles underscore their potential as effective adjuvant therapies in the treatment of HNSCC.

Keywords
Curcumin
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Antitumor mechanism
Derivatives
Drug delivery
Funding
This study is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2024JJ9488).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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