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REVIEW ARTICLE

Advances in understanding the mechanism and treatment strategies of radiation myelopathy

Yuhang Yu1 ,  Yukai Tang1 ,  Shengyi Liu1 ,  Limin Liu1*
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1 Department of Hematology and Oncology, The 921st Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
EJMO, 025100046 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025100046
Received: 7 March 2025 | Revised: 17 April 2025 | Accepted: 8 May 2025 | Published online: 29 May 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Radiation myelopathy (RM) is a severe, late-onset complication of radiotherapy, involving complex pathological processes, such as vascular endothelial cell damage, disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, inflammation, demyelination, hypoxia, and tissue necrosis. Traditional treatments, including corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, can effectively alleviate acute symptoms, but their long-term use may cause side effects and offer limited efficacy, especially in advanced stages of the disease where significant neurological recovery remains challenging. In recent years, emerging therapeutic strategies for RM – such as neuromodulation technologies, stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and gene therapy – have gained increasing attention. These approaches promote spinal cord repair and functional recovery through mechanisms, such as neuroprotection, myelin regeneration, axonal regeneration, and immune modulation. In addition, the use of biomaterials, such as hydrogels and nanodelivery systems has enhanced the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of both drugs and cells. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention timing and developing combination treatment strategies – such as incorporating antifibrotic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy – to improve the microenvironment of injury and enhance therapeutic outcomes. This review evaluates the pathological mechanisms of RM, explores emerging therapeutic strategies, and highlights future research directions to improve clinical efficacy.

Keywords
Pathological mechanisms
Radiation myelopathy
Review
Treatment strategies
Funding
This review was supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024JJ9488).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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