Determining optimal cultivation parameters for a portable hydroponic system using the nutrient film technique

Changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine and around the world pose a certain threat to food security and force us to seek new technological opportunities for growing agricultural products. This study aims to identify the optimal cultivation parameters for growing vegetable and berry plants in a portable, compact, and easy-to-maintain hydroponic nutrient film technique (NFT) system. The goal is to achieve high product quality and maximize plant yields by utilizing phytomatrix equipped with red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) elements in a 4:1 ratio, combined with a nutrient solution based on biological products. An experimental portable hydroponic NFT system was developed, incorporating these phytomatrices for additional lighting. This specific red-to-blue light ratio enhances photosynthesis efficiency, promotes yield increases, and ensures the quality development of plant structural parts. In addition, the use of a roller system allows for easy movement of the plants as needed. The study examined the effects of several factors on the growth performance of basil plants (Rutan variety), including seed treatment with the effective microorganisms (EM)-5 concentrate, air and nutrient solution temperature, and nutrient solution concentration. It was determined that the optimal conditions for basil growth include an air and nutrient solution temperature range of 24 – 26°C. Furthermore, increasing the nutrient solution concentration to an optimum level of 2.4 – 2.5 mS/cm resulted in significant improvements across all measured growth parameters of Rutan basil plants. Therefore, growing vegetable crops in a hydroponic installation with phytomatrices with red and blue LED emitting elements in a ratio of 4:1 and using a nutrient solution based on EM preparations will make it possible to increase their productivity.
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