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REVIEW ARTICLE

Controlling the electron spin states of single-atom catalysts for enhanced electrocatalytic performances

Huilong Geng1† ,  Zihao Wei1† ,  Yaqiong Li1 ,  Ziwei Deng1 ,  Li Li1 ,  Yong Wang2 ,  Huanzhang Zhai1 ,  Shenghua Li1 ,  Wenxing Chen1*
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1 Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
2 Guangdong R&D Center for Technological Economy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
JES 2025, 1(1), 3630 https://doi.org/10.36922/jes.3630
Received: 10 May 2024 | Accepted: 17 June 2024 | Published online: 18 July 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of catalysis for their maximum metal dispersion and atomic utilization efficiency. The spin states of electrons in SACs are closely related to their catalytic activity, and controlling their electronic structure is the key to fully unlocking their potential. At present, there are relatively few researches on improving catalyst activity by adjusting electronic structure, and there is a lack of systematic research to control its influence. In this paper, an example of the design and synthesis of SACs using electron spin state to control the catalytic performance is presented. The mechanism of spin-controlled catalytic enhancement is discussed. The applications of spin-state control in oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction are demonstrated. Finally, the potential challenges and future opportunities of the electronic structure of SACs are presented, hoping to arouse more people’s interest in the study of the catalytic properties of electron spin regulation and stimulate the further development of single-atom catalysis technology.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Single-atom catalysts
Electron spin-state regulation
Oxygen reduction reaction
Oxygen evolution reaction
Nitrogen reduction reaction
Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.: 22375019).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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