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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Chrysin attenuates pentadecafluorooctanoic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction

Adeoye B. Awolesi1* ,  Moses C. Antiya1 ,  Stephen A. Praise1
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1 Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
IMO, 026230034 https://doi.org/10.36922/IMO026230034
Received: 4 June 2026 | Revised: 21 July 2026 | Accepted: 23 July 2026 | Published online: 5 August 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent environmental pollutant, has been implicated in hepatotoxicity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of chrysin against PFOA-induced liver injury in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5): control (20% dimethyl sulfoxide), PFOA (5 mg/kg), PFOA + chrysin (25 mg/kg), PFOA + chrysin (50 mg/kg), and chrysin only (50 mg/kg). Treatments were orally administered for 14 days. Serum and hepatic biomarkers of liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation, membrane integrity, and energy metabolism were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. PFOA exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase), lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta and interferon gamma), while significantly reducing antioxidant parameters (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide (NO), and membrane-bound enzyme activities, including adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase, and 5’-nucleotidase. Chrysin treatment at both 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated these alterations in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50 mg/kg dose showing greater protective efficacy. The findings indicate that PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, whereas chrysin pre-treatment restores antioxidant defenses, attenuates inflammatory responses, and normalizes membrane-associated enzyme activities. Overall, chrysin demonstrates potent protective potential against PFOA-induced liver injury and may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for environmental toxin-associated hepatotoxicity.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Chrysin
Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid
Hepatotoxicity
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Antioxidant defense
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest.
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Innovative Medicines & Omics, Electronic ISSN: 3060-8740 Print ISSN: 3060-8910, Published by AccScience Publishing
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