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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Influence of hotel change frequency on the satisfaction of urban multiday personalized tourism itinerary

Xinyi Song1 Jian Zhong1,2* Ye Li1* Meiting He1
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1 Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
2 Laboratory for Collaborative Innovation in Digital Transformation and Governance, School of Management, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Received: 11 March 2026 | Revised: 5 June 2026 | Accepted: 9 June 2026 | Published online: 1 July 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

In designing urban multiday personalized tourism itineraries, hotel selection and the frequency of hotel changes are key factors influencing tourists’ satisfaction with the itinerary. To investigate the mechanism by which this factor affects itinerary satisfaction, this study proposes an urban personalized tourism itinerary design model that incorporates the frequency of hotel changes. A branch-and-bound algorithm is applied to obtain optimal tourism itineraries. Based on customer satisfaction theory, this study proposes a satisfaction evaluation model for personalized urban tourism itineraries across three dimensions: economy, convenience, and experience, and performs a satisfaction analysis of optimal tourism itineraries with varying hotel change frequencies. This study conducted case-based experiments using tourism data from Chongqing. The results indicate that personalized tourism itineraries based on a high-frequency hotel-change model outperform those of a low-frequency model across several indicators: average transportation costs decrease by ¥95, total distance travelled decreases by 47 km, and total rest time increases by 123 minutes. As luggage transfer services between hotels become more widespread, hotel selection and the frequency of hotel changes will have a greater impact on satisfaction with personalized urban tourism itineraries.

Keywords
Frequency of hotel changes
Urban personalized tourism
Satisfaction with the tourism itinerary
Tourism itinerary optimization
Satisfaction evaluation model
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications, Electronic ISSN: 2146-5703 Print ISSN: 2146-0957, Published by AccScience Publishing