AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.1931
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

3D-bioprinted bone scaffolds incorporating SR1 nanoparticles enhance blood vessel regeneration in rat calvarial defects

KyeongWoong Yang1,2 ,  Donghyun Lee1 ,  Kyoung Ho Lee1 ,  Woong Bi Jang2 ,  Hye Ji Lim2 ,  Eun Ji Lee2 ,  Hojun Jeon3 ,  Donggu Kang3 ,  Gi Hoon Yang3 ,  KyeongHyeon Lee4 ,  Yong-Il Shin4,5 ,  Sang-Cheol Han6 ,  SangHyun An1* ,  Sang-Mo Kwon2*
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1 Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
2 Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
3 Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc., Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
4 Science of Convergence, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
5 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
6 CEN Co., Ltd. Nano-Convergence Center, Miryang, Republic of Korea
IJB, 1931 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1931
Submitted: 27 September 2023 | Accepted: 3 November 2023 | Published: 19 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D printing of bioinspired materials)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The inherent limitations of bone grafting in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects have led to a growing demand for bone repair implants. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising manufacturing technique for implants, offering flexibility in their structural design and the use of applicable materials. Although numerous 3D-bioprinted bone scaffolds have been developed to enhance osteogenesis, angiogenesis remains a challenge. Angiogenesis is crucial for successful bone healing because the process forms blood vessels to deliver essential nutrients and oxygen. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a pivotal role in the early stages of vascularization. These cells, capable of differentiating into endothelial cells (ECs), are recruited from the bone marrow to the injured area during the healing process. CD34+ cells, a subset of EPCs, have gained attention because of their neovascularization potential and ability to contribute to bone regeneration. The incorporation of CD34+ cell-enhancing factors into 3D-printed bone scaffolds may facilitate successful bone healing in critical defects. StemRegenin-1 (SR1), a molecule that promotes CD34+ cell expansion, has shown promising results in increasing CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. This study aimed to investigate the sustained release of SR1 from a collagen-based scaffold integrated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to promote angiogenesis and enhance bone healing. The sustained release of SR1 from the collagen scaffold is hypothesized to promote angiogenesis, thereby facilitating bone repair. In vitro studies have demonstrated the angiogenic potential of SR1; however, further in vivo investigations are required to establish its clinical efficacy. This study contributes to the development of novel therapies targeting CD34+ cells and demonstrates the potential of SR1 as a promising agent for promoting angiogenesis and enhancing bone healing in critical defects.

Keywords
3D printing
Bone scaffold
Angiogenesis
Calvarial defect
Bone regeneration
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF2020R1A2C2101297 and 2022R1A5A2027161) funded by the Korean government, the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (Project number: 1711179402, RS-2022- 00140622), and South Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy via the 2021 Outstanding Company Research Center Promotion Project (ATC+).
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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