AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 9 / Issue 5 / DOI: 10.18063/ijb.753
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REVIEW

The application and prospects of 3D printable microgel in biomedical science and engineering

Chengcheng Du1,2 Wei Huang1,2* Yiting Lei1,2*
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1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
2 Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Submitted: 18 January 2023 | Accepted: 13 March 2023 | Published: 16 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioprinting for Medical Applications)
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology is one of the most advanced techniques currently applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and has developed rapidly in the past few years. Despite many breakthroughs, there are still several challenges of 3D bioprinting technology awaiting to be addressed, and one of them is the urgency of optimizing bioinks (natural or synthetic hydrogel), which are critical elements in 3D bioprinting, for specific properties. Different from traditional hydrogels, microgels, which are a new type of bioink, are micron-sized gels with excellent mechanical and biological properties, which make them great candidates for applications in 3D bioprinting. Different from the dense and limited pore size of traditional hydrogels, the pore structure of microgel is adjustable, enabling better cell loading before 3D bioprinting, and the printed pores are conducive to the exchange of metabolic substances and cell migration. The “bottom-up” modular microgel has stronger customizable characteristics, and it can freely adjust its mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness, and rheological properties. In this review, we review the application of microgels in the field of biomedicine and discuss the future development of microgels in 3D bioprinting.

Keywords
3D bioprinting
Microgel
Bioink
Tissue engineering
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing