[1]Wang X, Jiang M, Zhou Z W, et al., 2017, 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Compos B Eng, 110: 442–458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034
[2]Chua C K and Leong K F, 3D printing and additive manufacturing : Principles and applications, 4th ed. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 2015.
[3]Billiet T, Vandenhaute M, Schelfhout J, et al., 2012, A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 33(26): 6020–6041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.050
[4]Ballyns J J, Gleghorn J P, Niebrzydowski V, et al., 2008, Image-guided tissue engineering of anatomically shaped implants via MRI and micro-CT using injection molding. Tissue Eng Part A, 14(7): 1195–1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0186
[5]Chia H N and Wu B M, 2015, Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. J Biol Eng, 9(1): 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/S13036-015-0001-4 
[6]Seyednejad H, Gawlitta D, Kuiper R V, et al., 2012, In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation of 3D-printed porous scaffolds based on a hydroxyl-functionalized poly(epsilon-caprolactone). Biomaterials, 33(17): 4309–4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.002
[7]Wu G H and Hsu S H, 2015, Review: Polymeric-Based 3D printing for tissue engineering. J Med Bioeng, 35(3): 285–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40846-015-0038-3
[8]Utech S and Boccaccini A R, 2016, A review of hydrogel-based composites for biomedical applications: Enhancement of hydrogel properties by addition of rigid inorganic fillers. J Mater Sci, 51(1): 271–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9382-5
[9]Gaharwar A K, Peppas N A and Khademhosseini A, 2014, Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioeng, 111(3): 441–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.25160
[10]Xu K, Wang J H, Chen Q, et al., 2008, Spontaneous volume transition of polyampholyte nanocomposite hydrogels based on pure electrostatic interaction. J Colloid Interface Sci, 321(2): 272–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.02.024
[11]Kabiri K, Omidian H, Zohuriaan-Mehr M J, et al., 2011, Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review. Polym Compos, 32(2): 277–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.21046
[12]Thoniyot P, Tan M J, Karim A A, et al., 2015, Nanoparticle-Hydrogel composites: Concept, design, and applications of these promising, multi-functional materials. Adv Sci, 2(1–2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/Advs.201400010
[13]Lee J W, Kim S Y, Kim S S, et al., 1999, Synthesis and characteristics of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel composed of chitosan and poly(acrylic acid). J Appl Polym Sci, 73(1): 113–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990705)73:1<113::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-D
[14]Ehrburger P and Donnet J B, 1980, Interface in composite-materials. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 294(1411): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0059
[15]Jeong S H, Koh Y H, Kim S W, et al., 2016, Strong and biostable hyaluronic acid-calcium phosphate nanocomposite hydrogel via in situ precipitation process. Biomacromolecules, 17(3): 841–851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01557
[16]Wust S, Godla M E, Muller R, et al., 2014, Tunable hydrogel composite with two-step processing in combination with innovative hardware upgrade for cell-based three-dimensional bioprinting. Acta Biomater, 10(2): 630–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.016
[17]Duan B, Hockaday L A, Kang K H, et al., 2013, 3D Bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A, 101(5): 1255–1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34420
[18]Melchels F P W, Feijen J and Grijpma D W, 2010, A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials, 31(24): 6121–6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.050
[19]Bertsch A, Jiguet S, Bernhard P, et al., 2003, Microstere-olithography: A review. Rapid Prototyping Technologies, 758: 3–15. 
[20]Beluze L, Bertsch A and Renaud P, 1999, Microstereolitho-graphy: A new process to build complex 3D objects. Design, Test, and Microfabrication of Mems and Moems, Pts 1 and 2, 3680: 808–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.341277
[21]Choi J S, Kang H W, Lee I H, et al., 2009, Development of micro-stereolithography technology using a UV lamp and optical fiber. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 41(3–4): 281–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1461-1
[22]Bertsch A, Renaud P, Vogt C, et al., 2000, Rapid prototyping of small size objects. Rapid Prototyp J, 6(4): 259–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540010373362
[23]Sun C, Fang N, Wu D M, et al., 2005, Projection micro-stereolithography using digital micro-mirror dynamic mask. Sens Actuators A Phys, 121(1): 113–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.12.011
[24]Ambrosio L, Biomedical composites, 2nd ed. UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2010.
[25]Maruo Sand Ikuta K, 2002, Submicron stereolithography for the production of freely movable mechanisms by using single-photon polymerization. Sens Actuators A Phys, 100(1): 70–76.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(02)00043-2
[26]Lee K S, Kim R H, Yang D Y, et al., 2008, Advances in 3D nano/microfabrication using two-photon initiated polymerization. Prog Polym Sci, 33(6): 631–681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.01.001
[27]Weiss T, Hildebrand G, Schade R, et al., 2009, Two-Photon polymerization for microfabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Eng Life Sci, 9(5): 384–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200900002
[28]Ostendorf A and Chichkov B N, 2006, Two-photon polymer-ization: A new approach to micromachining. Photonics Spectra, 40(10): 72–80. 
[29]Hutmacher D W, Sittinger M and Risbud M V, 2004, Scaffold-based tissue engineering: Rationale for computer-aided design and solid free-form fabrication systems. Trends Biotechnol, 22(7): 354–362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.05.006
[30]Bikas H, Stavropoulos P and Chryssolouris G, 2016, Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: A critical review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 83(1–4): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7576-2
[31]Anitha R, Arunachalam S and Radhakrishnan P, 2001, Critical parameters influencing the quality of prototypes in fused deposition modelling. J Mater Process Technol, 118(1): 385–388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00980-3
[32]Xiong Z, Yan Y, Zhang R, et al., 2001, Fabrication of porous poly (L-lactic acid) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via precise extrusion. Scr Mater, 45(7): 773–779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01094-6
[33]Greulich M, Greul M and Pintat T, 1995, Fast, functional prototypes via multiphase jet solidification. Rapid Prototyp J, 1(1): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552549510146649
[34]Shor L, Güçeri S, Chang R, et al., 2009, Precision extruding deposition (PED) fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication, 1(1): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/1/1/015003
[35]Torres J, Cotelo J, Karl J, et al., 2015, Mechanical property optimization of FDM PLA in shear with multiple objectives. JOM, 67(5): 1183–1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1367-y
[36]Yeong W Y, Chua C K, Leong K F, et al., 2004, Rapid prototyping in tissue engineering: Challenges and potential. Trends Biotechnol, 22(12): 643–652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.10.004
[37]Gates R D, Baghdasarian G and Muscatine L, 1992, Temperature stress causes host-cell detachment in symbiotic cnidarians-implications for coral bleaching. Biol Bull, 182(3): 324–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542252
[38]Landers R and Mülhaupt R, 2000, Desktop manufacturing of complex objects, prototypes and biomedical scaffolds by means of computer-assisted design combined with computer-guided 3D plotting of polymers and reactive oligomers. Macromol Mater Eng, 282(1): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20001001)282:1<17::AID-MAME17>3.0.CO;2-8
[39]Billiet T, Gevaert E, De Schryver T, et al., 2014, The 3D printing of gelatin methacrylamide cell-laden tissue-engineered constructs with high cell viability. Biomaterials, 35(1): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.078
[40]Luo Y, Lode A, Akkineni A R, et al., 2015, Concentrated gelatin/alginate composites for fabrication of predesigned scaffolds with a favorable cell response by 3D plotting. RSC Adv, 5(54): 43480–43488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA04308E
[41]Akkineni A R, Luo Y, Schumacher M, et al., 2015, 3D plotting of growth factor loaded calcium phosphate cement scaffolds. Acta Biomater, 27: 264–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.036
[42]Yilgor P, Sousa R A, Reis R L, et al., 3D plotted PCL scaffolds for stem cell based bone tissue engineering, Macromol Symp, 2008. Wiley Online Library, 269:92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200850911
[43]Landers R and Mulhaupt R, 2000, Desktop manufacturing of complex objects, prototypes and biomedical scaffolds by means of computer-assisted design combined with computer-guided 3D plotting of polymers and reactive oligomers. Macromol Mater Eng, 282(9): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20001001)282:1<17::Aid-Mame17>3.0.Co;2-8
[44]Smay J E, Gratson G M, Shepherd R F, et al., 2002, Directed colloidal assembly of 3D periodic structures. Adv Mater, 14(18): 1279–1283. 
[45]Ahn B Y, Duoss E B, Motala M J, et al., 2009, Omnidir-ectional printing of flexible, stretchable, and spanning silver microelectrodes. Science, 323(5921): 1590–1593. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1168375
[46]Vozzi G, Previti A, De Rossi D, et al., 2002, Microsyringe-based deposition of two-dimensional and three-dimensional polymer scaffolds with a well-defined geometry for application to tissue engineering. Tissue Eng, 8(6): 1089–1098. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107632702320934182
[47]Tartarisco G, Gallone G, Carpi F, et al., 2009, Polyurethane unimorph bender microfabricated with pressure assisted microsyringe (PAM) for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 29(6): 1835–1841. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.017
[48]Xiong Z, Yan Y, Wang S, et al., 2002, Fabrication of porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via low-temperature deposition. Scr Mater, 46(11): 771–776. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00071-4
[49]Liu L, Xiong Z, Zhang R, et al., 2009, A novel osteochondral scaffold fabricated via multi-nozzle low-temperature deposition manufacturing. J Bioact Compat Polym, 24(1): 18–30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911509102347
[50]Vadnere M, Amidon G, Lindenbaum S, et al., 1984, Thermodynamic studies on the gel-sol transition of some pluronic polyols.  Int J Pharm, 22(2–3): 207–218. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(84)90022-X
[51]Kim J Y and Cho D-W, 2009, Blended PCL/PLGA scaffold fabrication using multi-head deposition system. Microelectron Eng, 86(4): 1447–1450. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2008.11.026
[52]Domingos M, Dinucci D, Cometa S, et al., 2009, Polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via bioextrusion for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biomater, 2009(1687–8787) : 239643. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/239643
[53]Lam C, Olkowski R, Swieszkowski W, et al., 2008, Mechanical and in vitro evaluations of composite PLDLLA/TCP scaffolds for bone engineering. Virtual Phys Prototyp, 3(4): 193–197. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452750802551298
[54]Lim T, Bang C, Chian K, et al., 2008, Development of cryogenic prototyping for tissue engineering. Virtual Phys Prototyp, 3(1): 25–31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452750701799303
[55]Bang Pham C, Fai Leong K, Chiun Lim T, et al., 2008, Rapid freeze prototyping technique in bio-plotters for tissue scaffold fabrication. Rapid Prototyp J, 14(4): 246–253. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540810896193
[56]Lu L, Zhang Q, Wootton D, et al., 2010, A novel sucrose porogen-based solid freeform fabrication system for bone scaffold manufacturing. Rapid Prototyp J, 16(5): 365–376. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541011065768
[57]Cima M, Sachs E, Fan T, et al., Three-dimensional printing techniques. US patent 5387380, 1995 July 2.
[58]Mei J, Lovell M Rand Mickle M H, 2005, Formulation and processing of novel conductive solution inks in continuous inkjet printing of 3-D electric circuits. IEEE Trans Compon Packaging Manuf Technol, 28(3): 265–273. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEPM.2005.852542
[59]Saunders R E, Gough J E and Derby B, 2008, Delivery of human fibroblast cells by piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing. Biomaterials, 29(2): 193–203. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.032
[60]Nakamura M, Kobayashi A, Takagi F, et al., 2005, Biocompatible inkjet printing technique for designed seeding of individual living cells. Tissue Eng, 11(11–12): 1658–1666. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.1658
[61]Cui X, Dean D, Ruggeri Z M, et al., 2010, Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng, 106(6): 963–969. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22762
[62]Leukers B, Gülkan H, Irsen S H, et al., 2005, Hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering made by 3D printing. J MATER SCI-MATER M, 16(12): 1121–1124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-005-4716-5
[63]Inzana J A, Olvera D, Fuller S M, et al., 2014, 3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomaterials, 35(13): 4026–4034. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.064
[64]Levy A, Miriyev A, Elliott A, et al., 2017, Additive manufacturing of complex-shaped graded TiC/steel composites. Mater Design, 118: 198–203. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.01.024
[65]Pfister A, Landers R, Laib A, et al., 2004, Biofunctional rapid prototyping for tissue-engineering applications: 3D bioplotting versus 3D printing. J Polym Sci Pol Chem, 42(3): 624–638. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10807
[66]Boland T, Tao X, Damon B J, et al., 2007, Drop-on-demand printing of cells and materials for designer tissue constructs. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 27(3): 372–376. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.047
[67]Sun J, Ng J H, Fuh Y H, et al., 2009, Comparison of micro-dispensing performance between micro-valve and piezoelectric printhead. Microsyst Technol, 15(9): 1437–1448. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-009-0905-3
[68]Zustiak S P and Leach J B, 2010, Hydrolytically degradable poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds with tunable degradation and mechanical properties. Biomacromolecules, 11(5): 1348–1357. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm100137q
[69]Killion J A, Geever L M, Devine D M, et al., 2014, Compressive strength and bioactivity properties of photopolymerizable hybrid composite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Int J Polym Mater Po, 63(13): 641–650. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2013.854238
[70]Bakarich S E, Gorkin R, Gately R, et al., 2017, 3D printing of tough hydrogel composites with spatially varying materials properties. Addit Manuf, 14: 24–30. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.12.003
[71]Zhao L, Lee V K, Yoo S-S, et al., 2012, The integration of 3-D cell printing and mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography of vascular constructs within thick hydrogel scaffolds. Biomaterials, 33(21): 5325–5332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.004
[72]Hong S, Sycks D, Chan H F, et al., 2015, 3D printing of highly stretchable and tough hydrogels into complex, cellularized structures. Adv Mater, 27(27): 4035–4040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201501099
[73]Markstedt K, Mantas A, Tournier I, et al., 2015, 3D bioprinting human chondrocytes with nanocellulose–alginate bioink for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules, 16(5): 1489–1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00188
[74]Rutz A L, Hyland K E, Jakus A E, et al., 2015, A multimaterial bioink method for 3D printing tunable, cell-compatible hydrogels. AdvMater, 27(9): 1607–1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405076
[75]Xu M, Wang X, Yan Y, et al., 2010, An cell-assembly derived physiological 3D model of the metabolic syndrome, based on adipose-derived stromal cells and a gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen matrix. Biomaterials, 31(14): 3868–3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.111
[76]Akkineni A R, Ahlfeld T, Funk A, et al., 2016, Highly concentrated alginate-gellan gum composites for 3D plotting of complex tissue engineering scaffolds. Polymers, 8(5): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym8050170
[77]Boere K W, Blokzijl M M, Visser J,et al.,2015, Biofabrication of reinforced 3D-scaffolds using two-component hydrogels. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med, 3(46): 9067–9078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5TB01645B
[78]Censi R, Schuurman W, Malda J, et al., 2011, A printable photopolymerizable thermosensitive p (HPMAm-lactate)-PEG hydrogel for tissue engineering. Adv Funct Mater, 21(10): 1833–1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002428
[79]Osterbur L, 2013, 3D printing of hyaluronic acid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications [Internet]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44207
[80]Wang X, Cui T, Yan Y, et al., 2009, Peroneal nerve regeneration using a unique bilayer polyurethane-collagen guide conduit. J Bioact Compat Polym, 24(2): 109–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911508101183
[81]Mogas-Soldevila L, Duro-Royo J and Oxman N, 2014, Water-based robotic fabrication: Large-Scale additive manufacturing of functionally graded hydrogel composites via multichamber extrusion. 3D Print Addit Manuf, 1(3): 141–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2014.0014
[82]Shie M-Y, Chang W-C, Wei L-J, et al., 2017, 3D printing of cytocompatible water-based light-cured polyurethane with hyaluronic acid for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Materials, 10(2): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10020136
[83]Wang X H, Tolba E, Schroder H C, et al., 2014, Effect of bioglass on growth and biomineralization of Saos-2 cells in hydrogel after 3D cell bioprinting. Plos One, 9(11): e112497 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112497
[84]Sayyar S, Gambhir S, Chung J, et al., 2017, 3D printable conducting hydrogels containing chemically converted graphene. Nanoscale, 9(5): 2038–2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr07516a
[85]Demirtas T T, Irmak G and Gumusderelioglu M, 2017, A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication, 9(3): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/Aa7b1d
[86]Skardal A, Zhang J X, McCoard L, et al., 2010, Dynamically crosslinked gold nanoparticle–Hyaluronan hydrogels. Adv Mater, 22(42): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001436
[87]Fedorovich N E, Wijnberg H M, Dhert W J, et al., 2011, Distinct tissue formation by heterogeneous printing of osteo- and endothelial progenitor cells. Tissue Eng Part A, 17(15–16): 2113–2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0019
[88]Panhuis M I H, Heurtematte A, Small W R, et al., 2007, Inkjet printed water sensitive transparent films from natural gum-carbon nanotube composites. Soft Matter, 3(7): 840–843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b704368f
[89]Heo D N, Castro N J, Lee S J, et al., 2017, Enhanced bone tissue regeneration using a 3D printed microstructure incorporated with a hybrid nano hydrogel. Nanoscale, 9(16): 5055–5062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr09652b
[90]Zhu W, Holmes B, Glazer R I, et al., 2016, 3D printed nanocomposite matrix for the study of breast cancer bone metastasis. Nanomedicine, 12(1): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.010
[91]Castro N J, O'Brien J and Zhang L G, 2015, Integrating biologically inspired nanomaterials and table-top stereolithography for 3D printed biomimetic osteochondral scaffolds. Nanoscale, 7(33): 14010–14022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr03425f
[92]Gladman A S, Matsumoto E A, Nuzzo R G, et al., 2016, Biomimetic 4D printing. Nat Mater, 15(4): 413–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NMAT4544
[93]Narayanan L K, Huebner P, Fisher M B, et al., 2016, 3D-Bioprinting of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber-alginate hydrogel bioink containing human adipose-derived stem cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2(10): 1732–1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00196
[94]Agrawal A, Rahbar N and Calvert P D, 2013, Strong fiber-reinforced hydrogel. Acta Biomaterialia, 9(2): 5313–5318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.011
[95]Bakarich S E, Gorkin R, Panhuis M I H, et al., 2014, Three-dimensional printing fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 6(18): 15998–16006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am503878d
[96]Jin Y, Liu C, Chai W, et al., 2017, Self-Supporting nanoclay as internal scaffold mterial for direct printing of soft hydrogelcomposite structures in air. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 9(20):17456–17465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03613
[97]Zhai X, Ma Y, Hou C, et al., 2017, 3D-printed high strength bioactive supramolecular polymer/clay nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 3(6): 1109–1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00224
[98]Ahlfeld T, Cidonio G, Kilian D, et al., 2017, Development of a clay based bioink for 3D cell printing for skeletal application. Biofabrication, 9(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/aa7e96
[99]Egorov A A, Fedotov A Y, Mironov A V, et al., 2016, 3D printing of mineral-polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate. Beilstein J Nanotechnol, 7(1): 1794–1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.172
[100]Rawat K, Agarwal S, Tyagi A, et al., 2014, Aspect ratio dependent cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of nanoclay. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 174(3): 936–944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0983-2
[101]Mourchid A, Delville A, Lambard J, et al., 1995, Phase diagram of colloidal dispersions of anisotropic charged particles: Equilibrium properties, structure, and rheology of laponite suspensions. Langmuir, 11(6): 1942–1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00006a020
[102]Su D, Jiang L, Chen X, et al., 2016, Enhancing the gelation and bioactivity of injectable silk fibroin hydrogel with laponite nanoplatelets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 8(15): 9619–9628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b00891
[103]Liu Y, Meng H, Konst S, et al., 2014, Injectable dopamine-modified poly (ethylene glycol) nanocomposite hydrogel with enhanced adhesive property and bioactivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 6(19): 16982–16992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am504566v
[104]Demirtaş T T, Irmak G and Gümüşderelioğlu M, 2017, A bioprintable form of chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication, 9(3): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/aa7b1d
[105]Diogo G, Gaspar V, Serra I, et al., 2014, Manufacture of β-TCP/alginate scaffolds through a Fab@ home model for application in bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication, 6(2): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/025001
[106]Kang M-H, Jang T-S, Jung H-D, et al., 2016, Poly (ether imide)-silica hybrid coatings for tunable corrosion behavior and improved biocompatibility of magnesium implants. Bioact Mater, 11(3): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035003
[107]Lee H, Kim Y, Kim S, et al., 2014, Mineralized biomimetic collagen/alginate/silica composite scaffolds fabricated by a low-temperature bio-plotting process for hard tissue regeneration: fabrication, characterisation and in vitro cellular activities. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med, 2(35): 5785–5798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4TB00931B
[108]Wang X, Tolba E, Schröder H C, et al., 2014, Effect of bioglass on growth and biomineralization of SaOS-2 cells in hydrogel after 3D cell bioprinting. PLoS One, 9(11): e112497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112497
[109]Huey D J, Hu J C and Athanasiou K A, 2012, Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains elusive. Science, 338(6109): 917–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1222454
[110]Bartnikowski M, Akkineni A R, Gelinsky M, et al., 2016, A hydrogel model incorporating 3D-plotted hydroxyapatite for osteochondral tissue engineering. Materials, 9(4): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9040285
[111]Kundu J, Shim J H, Jang J, et al., 2015, An additive manufacturingbased PCL–alginate–chondrocyte bioprinted scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 9(11): 1286–1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.1682
[112]Xu T, Binder K W, Albanna M Z, et al., 2012, Hybrid printing of mechanically and biologically improved constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Biofabrication, 5(1): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015001
[113]Wei J, Wang J, Su S, et al., 2015, 3D printing of an extremely tough hydrogel. RSC Adv, 5(99): 81324–81329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA16362E
[114]Sugihara H, Toda S, Miyabara S, et al., 1991, Reconstruction of the skin in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 27(2): 142-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02631000
[115]Dorsett-Martin W A, 2004, Rat models of skin wound healing: A review. Wound Repair Regen, 12(6): 591–599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.12601.x
[116]Skardal A, Mack D, Kapetanovic E, et al., 2012, Bioprinted amniotic fluid-derived stem cells accelerate healing of large skin wounds. Stem Cells Transl Med, 1(11): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2012-0088
[117]Sayyar S, Murray E, Thompson B, et al., 2015, Processable conducting graphene/chitosan hydrogels for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med, 3(3): 481–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4TB01636J
[118]Suh J-K and Matthew H W, 2000, Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: A review. Biomaterials, 21(24): 2589–2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00126-5
[119]Knowlton S, Yenilmez B, Anand S, et al., 2017, Photocrosslinking-based bioprinting: Examining crosslinking schemes. Bioprinting, 5: 10–18. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bprint.2017.03.001
[120]Nair K, Gandhi M, Khalil S, et al., 2009, Characterization of cell viability during bioprinting processes. Biotechnol J, 4(8): 1168–1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.200900004
[121]Arslan-Yildiz A, El Assal R, Chen P, et al., 2016, Towards artificial tissue models: Past, present, and future of 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication, 8(1): 014103.http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/014103
[122]Pereira R Fand Bartolo P J, 2015, 3D bioprinting of photocross-linkable hydrogel constructs. J Appl Polym Sci, 132(48): 42458.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/App.42458
[123]Kirchmajer D M, Gorkin R and Panhuis M I H, 2015, An overview of the suitability of hydrogel-forming polymers for extrusion-based 3D-printing. J Mater Chem B Mater Biol Med, 3(20): 4105–4117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00393h
[124]Chirag Khatiwala R L, Benjamin Shepherd, Scott Dorfman, et al., 2012, 3D cell bioprinting for regenerative medicine research and therapies. Gene Ther Regul, 7(1): 1230004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1568558611000301
[125]Wang Z J, Jin X, Dai R, et al., 2016, An ultrafast hydrogel photocrosslinking method for direct laser bioprinting. RSC Adv, 6(25): 21099-21104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24910d
[126]Armstrong J P K, Burke M, Carter B M, et al., 2016, 3D bioprinting using a templated porous bioink. Adv Healthc Mater, 5(14): 1724–1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201600022
[127]Cui X F, Breitenkamp K, Finn M G, et al., 2012, Direct human cartilage repair using three-dimensional bioprinting technology. Tissue Eng Part A, 18(11 –12): 1304–1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0543
[128]Fedorovich N E, Oudshoorn M H, van Geemen D, et al., 2009, The effect of photopolymerization on stem cells embedded in hydrogels. Biomaterials, 30(3): 344–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.037
[129]Folkman J and Hochberg M, 1973, Self-regulation of growth in three dimensions. J Exp Med, 138(4): 745–753. 
[130]Li S, Xiong Z, Wang X, et al., 2009, Direct fabrication of a hybrid cell/hydrogel construct by a double-nozzle assembling technology. J Bioact Compat Polym, 24(3): 249-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.038
[131]Jia W, Gungor-Ozkerim P S, Zhang Y S, et al., 2016, Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink. Biomaterials, 106: 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.038
[132]Skardal A, Zhang J and Prestwich G D, 2010, Bioprinting vessel-like constructs using hyaluronan hydrogels crosslinked with tetrahedral polyethylene glycol tetracrylates. Biomaterials, 31(24): 6173–6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.045
[133]Dolati F, Yu Y, Zhang Y, et al., 2014, In vitro evaluation of carbon-nanotube-reinforced bioprintable vascular conduits. Nanotechnology, 25(14): 145101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/14/145101
[134]Gao B, Yang Q Z, Zhao X, et al., 2016, 4D bioprinting for biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol, 34(9): 746–756. http://dx.doi.org/10.10164.tibtech.2016.03.004
[135]Weiss R A, Izzo E and Mandelbaum S, 2008, New design of shape memory polymers: Mixtures of an elastomeric ionomer and low molar mass fatty acids and their salts. Macromolecules, 41(9): 2978–2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma8001774
[136]Leist S K and Zhou J, 2016, Current status of 4D printing technology and the potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4D printable materials. Virtual Phys Prototyp, 11(4): 249–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2016.1198630
[137]He H Y, Guan J J and Lee J L, 2006, An oral delivery device based on self-folding hydrogels. J Control Release, 110(2): 339–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.017
[138]Khoo Z X, Teoh J E M, Liu Y, et al., 2015, 3D printing of smart materials: A review on recent progresses in 4D printing. Virtual Phys Prototyp, 10(3): 103–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2015.1097054
[139]He Y, Wu Y, Fu J Z, et al., 2016, Developments of 3D Printing Microfluidics and Applications in Chemistry and Biology: a Review. Electroanalysis, 28(8): 1658-1678. 10.1002/elan.201600043
[140]Lee V K, Lanzi A M, Ngo H, et al., 2014, Generation of Multi-scale Vascular Network System Within 3D Hydrogel Using 3D Bio-printing Technology. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 7(3): 460-472. 10.1007/s12195-014-0340-0