Synthetic drugs have undoubtedly revolutionized modern medicine, offering powerful therapeutic options for a wide range of human diseases. However, their frequent association with adverse effects and long-term complications continues to drive the urgent need for safer, more biocompatible alternatives.

In this context, nature's own medicine cabinet, particularly the rich reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites found in plants, holds immense promise. These naturally occurring compounds, many of which are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, exhibit remarkable bioactivity. Owing to their natural origin, favourable safety profiles, and low cost, they represent ideal candidates for use as alternative or complementary therapies in the management of chronic and complex diseases, including cancer.

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research on plant-derived natural compounds with potential therapeutic activity. We invite contributions that explore their molecular mechanisms of action, assess their efficacy in preclinical and clinical settings, and evaluate their feasibility for future clinical application as natural drugs. By bringing together novel insights into the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of natural compounds, this issue seeks to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and evidence-based oncology.