AccScience Publishing / EJMO / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/EJMO025520540
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Nomogram model for mortality risk of hemangiosarcoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based study

Yu Yan1 ,  Haixia Tu1 ,  Mingxuan Li2*
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1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Fengtai You’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
2 Department of General Surgery, Beijing Daxing District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
EJMO, 025520540 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025520540
Received: 24 December 2025 | Revised: 12 February 2026 | Accepted: 25 March 2026 | Published online: 7 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Introduction: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignancy that can develop in many parts of the human body. The overall prognosis of this disease remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a prognostic model for mortality in patients with hemangiosarcoma.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Samples with critical missing values were removed. A dataset was established, which was subsequently split randomly into training and testing sets at a ratio of 7:3. Cox regression analyses of all-cause death were performed on the training set to identify statistically significant variables for developing a prognostic model. The nomogram was drawn, and the model was internally and externally validated separately.

Results: A dataset containing 4,703 patients with hemangiosarcoma was obtained. There were no statistical differences in the distributions of all variables between the training and testing sets (p > 0.05). After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the following variables were considered as risk factors for death in hemangiosarcoma patients (p < 0.05): age, gender, primary site, laterality, tumor size, grade, stage, first malignant primary indicator, primary site surgery (PSS), removal of regional lymph nodes, radiotherapy, and radiotherapy sequence with PSS. After including the above variables, a prognostic model was developed and presented as a nomogram (1-, 3-, and 5-year survival). The model was validated using various methods, yielding favorable results.

Conclusion: Hemangiosarcoma has a poor prognosis. The prognostic model presented in this study can be used to predict overall survival and guide more effective treatments.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Hemangiosarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Nomogram
Survey Epidemiology and End Results
Death
Mortality
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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