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REVIEW ARTICLE

Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction: Impact on lipid metabolism and pathophysiology

Ting Ni1† ,  Lichao Sun1† ,  Moath Refat2 ,  Fawze Alnadari3 ,  Malek Alwah1 ,  Salem Baldi4 ,  Maged Al-Mogahed5*
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1 Department of Emergency, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
3 Research and Development Center of Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
4 Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
5 Department of Urology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
EJMO, 025210206 https://doi.org/10.36922/EJMO025210206
Received: 21 May 2025 | Revised: 16 June 2025 | Accepted: 20 June 2025 | Published online: 3 September 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Despite advances in medical technology, sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality in intensive care units. The pathophysiology of sepsis is complex and involves increased activity of molecules that regulate vascular tone, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, endothelin-1, and carbon monoxide. These molecular changes contribute to the high mortality associated with sepsis. Moreover, as a systemic inflammatory response to infection, sepsis leads to reduced neutrophil levels, impairing the body’s ability to combat the disease effectively. The impact of sepsis on lipid metabolism and liver function is profound. The liver, a vital organ involved in various physiological processes, experiences enzyme production under septic conditions. Proinflammatory cytokines overload the liver during sepsis, impairing its normal functions and disrupting lipid metabolism. Altered circulating lipid levels, particularly triglycerides and cholesterol, may further exacerbate organ failure associated with sepsis. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between sepsis, liver function, and lipid metabolism, offering a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind sepsis-induced liver dysfunction and lipid abnormalities. A deeper insight into these processes may pave the way for developing effective therapeutics to counteract the detrimental consequences of sepsis. By highlighting the current knowledge gaps and elucidating the underlying mechanisms, this review seeks to contribute to improving sepsis management and patient outcomes.

Keywords
Sepsis
Liver dysfunction
Lipoprotein
Cholesterol
Küpffer cells
Cytokines
Funding
This review was supported by grants from the Jilin Province Science and Technology Agency Project (20210101350JC), the Jilin Provincial Finance Department (JLSWSRCZX2023-60), and the Beijing Gandan Foundation Fund for Artificial Liver (iGandanF-1082023-RGG025).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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