Achieving zero food gap has become a strategic global priority in response to increasing pressures from population growth, land degradation, climate change, and resource scarcity. Despite substantial advances in agricultural technologies, persistent disparities between food demand and production highlight the need for integrated approaches that strengthen the natural resource base while improving decision-making and policy implementation. Among these resources, healthy soils constitute the foundation of sustainable food systems, making sustainable soil governance the essential first step toward resilient food production. This review synthesizes recent advances in soil science, Earth observation, artificial intelligence, and decision support systems to develop an integrated conceptual framework—Sustainable Soil Governance Pathways Toward Zero Food Gap. Following the PRISMA 2020 framework, peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2026 was systematically analyzed and organized into four interconnected domains: sustainable soil management, digital soil intelligence, sustainable soil governance, and enabling societal drivers. Rather than treating these domains independently, the review emphasizes their interactions in transforming scientific evidence into coordinated management and policy actions. The proposed framework identifies sustainable soil governance as the central coordinating mechanism that links healthy soils to digital innovation, evidence-based decision-making, and broader environmental, institutional, and socioeconomic conditions influencing food systems. This perspective recognizes that while soil governance is not the sole determinant of food security, it provides the foundation for integrating complementary interventions to advance the long-term vision of zero food gap. The framework offers a practical roadmap for supporting resilient, productive, and sustainable food systems.